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Black, White, and Green: Farmers Markets, Race and the Green Economy
Alison Hope Alkon
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Farmers markets are much more than places to buy produce. According to advocates for sustainable food systems, they are also places to “vote with your fork” for environmental protection, vibrant communities, and strong local economies. Farmers markets have become essential to the movement for food-system reform and are a shining example of a growing green economy where consumers can shop their way to social change. Black, White, and Green brings new energy to this topic by exploring dimensions of race and class as they relate to farmers markets and the green economy. With a focus on two Bay Area markets—one in the primarily white neighborhood of North Berkeley, and the other in largely black West Oakland—Alison Hope Alkon investigates the possibilities for social and environmental change embodied by farmers markets and the green economy. Drawing on ethnographic and historical sources, Alkon describes the meanings that farmers market managers, vendors, and consumers attribute to the buying and selling of local organic food, and the ways that those meanings are raced and classed. She mobilizes this research to understand how the green economy fosters visions of social change that are compatible with economic growth while marginalizing those that are not. Black, White, and Green is one of the first books to carefully theorize the green economy, to examine the racial dynamics of food politics, and to approach issues of food access from an environmental-justice perspective. In a practical sense, Alkon offers an empathetic critique of a newly popular strategy for social change, highlighting both its strengths and limitations.
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Black, White, and Green
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CONTENTS
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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IMAGES
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TABLES
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PREFACE
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CHAPTER ONE Going Green, Growing Green
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FARMERS MARKETS AND THE GREEN ECONOMY
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FARMERS MARKETS AS MOVEMENTS
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The Food Movement
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Food Justice
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FARMERS MARKETS AS MARKETS
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CHAPTER TWO Understanding the Green Economy
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THE LIMITS TO GROWTH
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SUSTAINABILITY
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Sustainable Development
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Environmental Sustainability
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The Wilderness and the City
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Toward a Just Sustainability
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Sustainable Business
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THE GROWTH OF GREEN
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Radical Resource Productivity
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Green for All
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Commodities in the Green Economy
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
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CHAPTER THREE The Taste of Place
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RADICAL POLITICS AND THE COUNTERCUISINE
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The Country and the city
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The Delicious Revolution
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SURVIVAL PENDING REVOLUTION
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From Guns to Grits
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Inside the Red Line
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FROM ANTICAPITALISM TO GREEN CAPITALISM
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CHAPTER FOUR Creating Just Sustainability
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NORTH BERKELEY: FARMING AS IF NATURE MATTERED
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The Wildness of Organic Farms
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Biodiversity
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Connection to Place
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Sustainable Practices
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Environmental Justice in North Berkeley
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WEST OAKLAND: PRODUCE TO THE PEOPLE
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Resisting Racism through Sustainable Agriculture
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The Last Plantation
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Life in a Food Desert
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The West Oakland Farmers Market as Racial Performance
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Food, Music, and Special Events
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Race and Racism in Everyday Life
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Environmentalism in West Oakland
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JUST SUSTAINABILITY IN THE GREEN ECONOMY
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CHAPTER FIVE Who Participates in the Green Economy?
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A VIBRANT PUBLIC PLACE
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RACE (AND CLASS, GENDER, AND LIFESTYLE) IN WEST OAKLAND
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Identity without Exclusivity: Roles of Nonblacks in a “Black Market”
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Contesting Community
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Bringing Class and Gender Back In
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LIFESTYLE (AND RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER) IN NORTH BERKELEY
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Race, Class, and Gender in a Gourmet Market
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Affordability
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White Markets, Race Matters
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Emphasizing Social Justice: A Challenge to Environmental Privilege
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COMMUNITY IN THE GREEN ECONOMY
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CHAPTER SIX Greening Growth
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THE LOGIC OF SUPPORT
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Human Need Not Corporate Greed
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Sacrificing for the Cause
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A PRAGMATIC ALTERNATIVE
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An Alternative to Influencing Policy
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An Alternative to Nonprofit Organizations
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WHEN GREEN MEETS GROWTH
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MARKETING SOCIAL JUSTICE
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COMMERCE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE GREEN ECONOMY
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CHAPTER SEVEN Farmers Markets, Race, and the Green Economy
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UNDERSTANDING THE GREEN ECONOMY THROUGH FARMERS MARKETS
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JUSTICE AND SUSTAINABILITY: A CROSS-POLLINATION
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CONSUMPTION AND EQUITY
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THE GREEN ECONOMY AND COLLECTIVE ACTION
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The (Food and) Farm Bill
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Green Jobs as a Pathway out of Poverty
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Proposition 2: The Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act
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BEYOND THE GREEN ECONOMY
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EPILOGUE Reading, Writing, Relationship
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GAINING ACCESS AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
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West Oakland
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North Berkeley
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MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS
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West Oakland
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North Berkeley
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COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH?
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INTELLECTUAL PROCESS
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WHEN THEY READ (SOME OF) WHAT WE WRITE
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FOUR YEARS LATER
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NOTES
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CHAPTER ONE. Going Green, Growing Green
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CHAPTER TWO. Understanding the Green Economy
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CHAPTER THREE. The Taste of Place
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CHAPTER 4. Creating a Just Sustainability
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CHAPTER FIVE. Who Participates in the Green Economy?
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CHAPTER 6. Greening Growth
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EPILOGUE. Reading, Writing, Relationship
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REFERENCES
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INDEX
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GEOGRAPHIES OF JUSTICE AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
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Citable Link
Published: 2012
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
- 9780820344751 (ebook)