• Figure 3.1. Presence of Presidential Invalid Vote Campaigns in Latin America by Decade Source: Original data collection. Note: The figure shows the percentage of all executive contests in which an invalid vote campaign took place. First-round and runoff elections are counted as separate observations.
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Presence of Presidential Invalid Vote Campaigns in Latin America, by Decade

From None of the Above: Protest Voting in Latin American Democracies by Mollie J. Cohen

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  • Latin American Studies
  • Political Science:Political Behavior and Public Opinion
  • Political Science:Governance
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