Stratigraphic sequence of Viale Guglielmo Marconi. From the bottom: 1. Dense vulcanoclastite, essentially of lava cinders of a brownish-gray color containing sub-rounded pumice. Pyroclastic flow from the eruption of Mercato of 8,890 90 cal yr B.P. (6940 90 B.C.). 2. Centimeter-size sandy crust, reddish in color, with a lenticular pattern; fossilized level of standing groundwater. 3. Pyroclastic earth of a reddish-brown color set on reworked and re-managed pyroclasts rich in pumice from the Mercato eruption. The top is reworked and aerated showing a dense distribution of furrows/grooves. Pedomarker B/aerated Bronze Age area level. 4. Alternation of thin layers of sandy pyroclasts rich in large stones (some levels were reddish). Vulcanoclasts associated with a protohistoric eruption. 5. Undifferentiated alternation of sandy vulcanoclasts very rich in rocks. Lahar associated with the protohistoric eruption.

From Oplontis: Villa A (“of Poppaea”) at Torre Annunziata, Italy. Volume 1. The Ancient Setting and Modern Rediscovery by John R. Clarke and Nayla K. Muntasser