• Figure 5.1. The Effect of Congruent vs. Incongruent Treatments These bar plots show the reinforcing effect of historical and future frames. Those who received reinforcing frames were more likely to support the present-day policy position that aligned with these frames. Those who received incongruous frames, in contrast, were less likely to support this same policy position.

The Effect of Congruent vs. Incongruent Treatments

From Warping Time: How Contending Political Forces Manipulate the Past, Present, and Future by Benjamin Ginsberg and Jennifer Bachner

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  • Political Science:Political History
  • Political Science:Political Behavior and Public Opinion
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