- Rosa Luxemburg (Polish Jew, 1871-1918) (left, self-portrait painted about 1911; right, photo in Warsaw, 1906). Spokeswoman and theoretician of the German Left. She founded the Spartacist Party with Karl Liebknecht, the most radical faction of SPD, the German Social Democrats. On January 13, 1919, she and her co-founder of the Spartacist party were captured by counterrevolutionaries and were killed. Her death ended any Page 52 →possibility of giving effective battle to the Bolsheviks. During her life she wrote 700 books, pamphlets, and articles about the political situation of her time.
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