- The uprising of 20,000 shirtwaist workers in 1909 was the “largest strike of women ever known in U.S.” Idealistic Jewish women with roots in Russian socialism and union struggles were the force behind the strike. The industry employed 30-40,000 workers in NYC—2/3 Jewish and 80% women—in dismal sweatshops. Low wages, poor working conditions, and sexual abuse were among the grievances. Beginning in September 1909, women picketing against two employers were arrested, beaten, and harassed by hired thugs and police. At a mass meeting at Cooper Union on November 22, speakers debated the question of a general strike. Finally, Clara Lemlich (1886-1982), a young Jewish worker who had been among the first strikers, delivered an impassioned speech in Yiddish, the native tongue of the majority of shirtwaist workers, calling for a general strike. Instantly the crowd was on its feet shouting its emphatic affirmation. Within a few Page 308 →days, 30,000 shirtwaist workers were on strike. The Women's Trade Union League and wealthy and middle class women actively supported the strikers, forming a unique bond. The strike was settled on February 15. Despite a disappointing settlement, striking women awakened the public to problems facing women workers; the important issue of unionizing Black women came to the fore; the women gained an understanding of their strength in union and in number; and the “great uprising” became a catalyst for the rest of the industry.
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