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The unending frontier: an environmental history of the early modern world
John F. Richards-
Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright and Permissions
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Acknowledgments
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Dedication
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List of Illustrations
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Maps
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Tables
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Preface
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Introduction
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Part I The Global Context
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Chapter 1 The Early Modern World
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The Argument
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The Mughal Empire
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The Dutch Republic
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Conclusion
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Chapter 2 Climate and Early Modern World Environmental History
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Intro
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The Little Ice Age
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Historians and Climate History
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Europe
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China
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West Africa
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Global Climate Connections
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Conclusion
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Part II Eurasia and Africa
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Chapter 3 Pioneer Settlement on Taiwan
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Intro
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The Dutch East India Company
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Taiwan before Dutch and Chinese Settlement
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The Dutch Regime
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Chinese Domination
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Conclusion
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Chapter 4 Internal Frontiers and Intensified Land Use in China
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Intro
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Land and the State
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Land Reclamation for Wet Rice Production in Hunan Province
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Land Reclamation in the Hills: The Yangzi Highlands
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Indigenous Peoples and Qing Pressure
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The Northern Frontier
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Conclusion
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Chapter 5 Ecological Strategies in Tokugawa Japan
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Intro
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Japan in 1600
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State Power
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Seclusion
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Population Growth in the Seventeenth Century
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The Seventeenth-Century Economy
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Controlling the Rivers
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Forests in the Seventeenth Century
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Demands on the Rural Economy
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Responses to Scarcity: Simplicity and Austerity
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Responses to Scarcity: Control of Human Fertility
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Responses to Scarcity: Intensified Fishing and Whaling
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Regeneration of Forests
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The Northern Frontier: Tokugawa Exploitation of Hokkaido
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Conclusion
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Chapter 6 Landscape Change and Energy Transformation in the British Isles
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Intro
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Growth of a Powerful Centralized State
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Population, Disease, and Food Production
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Capitalist Farmers and Peasant Farmers
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Draining the Fenlands
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Forest Depletion
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Royal Navy and English Oak
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A New Energy Source
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Markets and Consumption
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Conclusion
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Chapter 7 Frontier Settlement in Russia
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Intro
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Defining the Russian Heartland
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Conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan
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The Forest-Steppe
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Tatars
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Forts and Cossacks
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The Belgorod and Simbirsk Lines
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Postfrontier Consolidation
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The Environmental Impact
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Conclusion
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Chapter 8 Wildlife and Livestock in South Africa
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Intro
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The Setting
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Khoikhois
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Dutch Settlement
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Trekboers
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Trekboer and Nguni
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Environmental Impact of Dutch Settlement
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The Cape as Global Rest Station
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Conclusion
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Part III The Americas
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Chapter 9 The Columbian Exchange The West Indies
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Intro
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Population and Disease
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The West Indies
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Columbian Rule in Hispaniola
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Slaves and Gold
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Sugar Planting
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Cattle Ranching
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The Environmental Impact
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Conclusion
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Chapter 10 Ranching, Mining, and Settlement Frontiers in Colonial Mexico
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Intro
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First Impressions
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Disease and Death
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Colonial Land Use
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Eurasian Invaders
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Early Ranching and Settlement Frontiers
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The Cortés Estates
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The Valle del Mezquital
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Silver and the Chichimecas
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The Far North
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Introduced Livestock and Their Environmental Impact
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Silver Mining and Mercury Pollution
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Ecological and Economic Crisis
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Conclusion
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Chapter 11 Sugar and Cattle in Portuguese Brazil
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Intro
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Forests and Indians
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Brazilwood
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Settlement and Population
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Sugar
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Tobacco
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Cattle
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Gold and Diamonds
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Tribute to the Old World
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The Environmental Impact
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Conclusion
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Chapter 12 Landscapes of Sugar in the Antilles
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Intro
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The Lesser Antilles: Barbados
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Martinique
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Saint Domingue
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Jamaica
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Benefits to Western Europe
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Conclusion
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Part IV The World Hunt
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Chapter 13 Furs and Deerskins in Eastern North America
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Intro
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The Sixteenth-Century Fur Trade
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Beaver and Other Furbearers
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The Seventeenth-Century Saint Lawrence Fur Trade
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Hurons and Mohawks
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New England and New York in the Seventeenth Century
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French and Ottawas in the Great Lakes Region
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The Imperial Conflict
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The French-Iroquois Wars
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The French Western Fur Trade
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The Expanding English Fur Trade in the Eighteenth Century
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Creek Deer Hunters
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Eighteenth-Century Deerskin Trade Trajectory
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Impact of the Fur Trade on Indians
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Environmental Changes
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Conclusion
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Chapter 14 The Hunt for Furs in Siberia
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Intro
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Western Siberia
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Central and Eastern Siberia
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Furs, Tribute, and the Russian State
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Russian Hunters and Traders
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Conquest and Settlement
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Impacts on Indigenous Peoples
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Kamchatka and the Pacific
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Sea Otters in the Pacific
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Environmental Effect of the Russian Conquest
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Conclusion
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Chapter 15 Cod and the New World Fisheries
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Intro
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The Prey
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The Early New World Cod Fishery
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Seventeenth Century
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The Eighteenth Century
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Settlement on Newfoundland
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The New England Fishery
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The Market for Codfish
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Impact of the Cod Fishery
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Colder Waters
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Conclusion
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Chapter 16 Whales and Walruses in the Northern Oceans
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Intro
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The Prey
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Indigenous Arctic Whaling
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The Basques
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Exploration in Northern Waters
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Early Coastal Whaling
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Open Sea and Drift Ice Whaling
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Frederick Martens
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The Expanded Eighteenth-Century Hunt
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British Whaling and the Final Demise of the Greenland Bowhead
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The Ancillary Hunt for Walruses
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Economic Benefits
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
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Notes
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Introduction
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Chapter 1: The Early Modern World
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Chapter 2: Climate and Early Modern World Environmental History
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Chapter 3: Pioneer Settlement on Taiwan
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Chapter 4: Internal Frontiers and Intensified Land Use in China
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Chapter 5: Ecological Strategies in Tokugawa Japan
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Chapter 6: Landscape Change and Energy Transformation in the British Isles
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Chapter 7: Frontier Settlement in Russia
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Chapter 8: Wildlife and Livestock in South Africa
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Chapter 9: The Columbian Exchange: The West Indies
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Chapter 10: Ranching, Mining, and Settlement Frontiers in Colonial Mexico
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Chapter 11: Sugar and Cattle in Portuguese Brazil
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Chapter 12: Landscapes of Sugar in the Antilles
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Chapter 13: Furs and Deerskins in Eastern North America
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Chapter 14: The Hunt for Furs in Siberia
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Chapter 15: Cod and the New World Fisheries
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Chapter 16: Whales and Walruses in the Northern Oceans
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Conclusion
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Bibliography
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Index
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A-D
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E-K
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L-R
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S-Z
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About the Author
Journal Abbreviation | Label | URL |
---|---|---|
ENVH | 9.1 (Jan. 2004) | http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/9.1/br_2.html |
TC | 45.4 (October 2004): 861-862 | http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/technology_and_culture/v045/45.4oslund.html |
AHR | 109.3 (June 2004) | http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/109.3/br_5.html |
HEB Id | Title | Authors | Publication Information |
---|---|---|---|
Land Degradation and Society. | Blaikie, Piers M., and H. C. Brookfield. | Methuen, 1987. | |
heb02364.0001.001 | With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. | Dean, Warren. | Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. |
heb02373.0001.001 | The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. | Eaton, Richard M. | Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. |
Men and Whales. | Ellis, Richard. | New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991. | |
heb02372.0001.001 | Everyday Things in Premodern Japan: The Hidden Legacy of Material Culture. | Hanley, Susan B. | Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. |
heb02370.0001.001 | Exhausting the Earth: State and Peasant in Hunan, 1500-1850. | Perdue, Peter C. | Cambridge: The Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1987. |
heb02371.0001.001 | The Mughal Empire. | Richards, John F. | Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. |
heb02369.0001.001 | Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600-1800. | Shepherd, John Robert. | Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993. |
heb02365.0001.001 | The Green Archipelago: Forestry in Preindustrial Japan. | Totman, Conrad. | Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. |
heb02367.0001.001 | The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660. | Trigger, Bruce G. | Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1987. |
The West Indies: Patterns of Development, Culture, and Environmental Change since 1492. | Watts, David. | Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. |
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Citable Link
Published: c2003
Publisher: University of California Press
- 9780520230750 (hardcover)
- 9780520939356 (ebook)
- 9780520246782 (paper)