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Ship Timbers from the Islamic Sites of al-Balid and Qalhat, Oman: Sewn-plank technology in the Indian Ocean during the 10-16th centuries CE
Alessandro Ghidoni
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The sewn-plank ships that sailed the Indian Ocean during the medieval Islamic period carried people, goods, and ideas between East Africa, Arabia, India, and China. Despite their key role, we know relatively little about them. To date, archaeological work related to sewn boats in the region has been limited, while the few textual references generally lack crucial details regarding their design, structure, and operation.Due to the paucity of archaeological evidence until 20 years ago, the study of medieval shipbuilding in the region has often been flawed by Orientalism and fuelled by principles of the Enlightenment in early studies. Scholars had previously approached this topic through a European lens, typically with a strong colonialist attitude, and viewed this technology as basic, primitive, and incapable of developing without an external force, such as the more technologically advanced Europe.This book presents the first comprehensive study on medieval sewn boats of the Indian Ocean, using new and original data. It provides a technical analysis of the ship timbers recently discovered at al-Balid and Qalhat, Oman, in a comparative context. Pieces are examined from a material perspective, and then compared with textual, iconographic, ethnographic, archaeological, and experimental archaeological evidence. It contextualizes the ship timbers within the broader material networks in the Indian Ocean during the medieval Islamic period, thereby increasing our knowledge of maritime communities and their shipbuilding technology.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Titles in The Nautical Archaeology Society Monograph Subseries
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abbreviations
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Notes on Transliteration
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Aims of the Book and Research Questions
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1.2. The Study of Boats and Ships
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1.3. Methodology
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2. Sewn Boats of the Indian Ocean
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2.1. Archaeological Evidence of Sewn Boats in the Indian Ocean
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2.2. Textual Sources
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2.3. Iconography
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2.4. Experimental Reconstruction Projects
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2.5. Ethnographic Studies
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2.6. Conclusion
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3. The al-Balid Timbers
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3.1. The Site of al-Balid
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3.2. The Planks
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3.3. Additional Fastening Methods
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3.4. Other Maritime Remains
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3.5. Decoration
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3.6. Tool Marks
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3.7. Recycling and Modification
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3.8. Materials
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3.9. Dating the Timbers
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3.10. Conclusion
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4. The Qalhat Timbers
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4.1. Archaeological Context
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4.2. The Timbers
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4.3. Conclusion
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5. Structure and Forms of Medieval Indian Ocean Sewn Vessels
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5.1. Planking
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5.2. Ship Beams
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5.3. Frames
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5.4. Keel
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5.5. Stem and Stern Posts
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5.6. Rigging Block Sheave
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5.7. Forms of Medieval Indian Ocean Sewn Vessels
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5.8. Decoration
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5.9. Carpentry Tools
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5.10. Conclusion
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6. Fastening Methods of Medieval Indian Ocean Watercraft
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6.1. Sewing Techniques
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6.2. Dowels
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6.3. Hole Plugs
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6.4. Luting
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6.5. Frame Lashing
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6.6. Through-beam Fastening
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6.7. Sewing Tools
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6.8. Coating and Antifouling
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6.9. Repairs
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6.10. Nailed-plank Construction
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6.11. Conclusion
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7. The Use and Trade of Materials in the Indian Ocean
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7.1. Timber
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7.2. Sewing material
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7.3. Luting, Coating and Antifouling Material
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7.4. Material Trade in the Indian Ocean: New Light on Material Suppliers
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7.5. Origin of the Vessels
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7.6. Material Recycling
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7.7. Conclusion
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8. Conclusion
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8.1. Indian Ocean Medieval Sewn Vessels
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8.2. The Multidisciplinary Approach
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8.3. Future Directions in the Study of Indian Ocean Medieval Vessels
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Glossary
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Bibliography
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Index
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Back Cover
Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407360577 (paper)
- 9781407360584 (ebook)
BAR Number: S3132