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The Stirling Castle, a 70-gun Ship Lost in the Great Storm of 1703: Archaeological Investigations 1979-2009
Edited by Julian Whitewright
This book examines the archaeological investigations undertaken between 1979 and 2009 on the wreck of the Stirling Castle a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line, lost on the Goodwin Sands, Kent during the Great Storm of 1703. Included is a history of the warship, a detailed account of archaeological investigations undertaken and the environmental factors impacting the seabed remains. A review of the ship’s construction draws on records of structure remaining on the seabed and recovered material. The artefact collection is considered by material and type. Specialist analysis has enabled greater understanding of ship fittings, weapons, navigation equipment, medical artefacts, food preparation and consumption, clothing and apparel, and life onboard. The volume demonstrates the value of studying dispersed archives from shipwreck excavations and their potential to add considerably to maritime history and archaeology. In this case the examined archaeological records and artefacts from the Stirling Castle offer a compelling insight into the maritime world of the seventeeth and eighteenth centuries from a range of perspectives.
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Front Cover
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Contents
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Acknowledgements
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List of Figures
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1: Introduction
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2: Vessel History: Building, Service and Loss
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2.1 Background (1660–1674)
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2.1.1 The Thirty Ships (1674–1688)
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2.2 The Active Service of the Stirling Castle
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2.2.1 1690–1699
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2.2.2 Rebuild and Renewal
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2.2.3 1699–1703
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2.3 The Crew of the Stirling Castle: March 1701 to November 1703
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2.4 The Loss of the Stirling Castle: 26–28 November 1703
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2.5 Conclusion
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3: The Archaeological History of the Stirling Castle
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3.1 Archaeological Investigation
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3.1.1 Discovery and Exploration: 1979–1991
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3.1.2 1992–2002
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3.1.3 2003–2009
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3.1.4 Conclusion
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3.2 Ownership, Archive Access and Dissemination
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3.2.1 Ownership
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3.2.2 Archive Access
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3.2.3 Archive Dissemination
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3.3 The Stirling Castle in the Context of Maritime Archaeology in England and the UK
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3.3.1 Methodology and Management
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3.3.2 Resources, Public Access and Dissemination
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3.3.2.1 Resources
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3.3.2.2 Access and Dissemination
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4: Site Environment and Geophysical Survey
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4.1 The Natural Environment
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4.1.1 Geology
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4.1.2 Hydrodynamic Regime and Sediment Transport
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4.1.3 Goodwin Sands Historical (pre-1990s) Evolution
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4.2 Geophysical Survey
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4.2.1 Singlebeam Bathymetry
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4.2.1.1 1997
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4.2.1.2 1998
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4.2.1.3 1999
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4.2.2 Multibeam Bathymetry
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4.2.2.1 July 2002
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4.2.2.2 April 2005
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4.2.2.3 September 2005
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4.2.2.4 March 2006
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4.2.2.5 August 2006
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4.2.2.6 September 2009
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4.2.3 Sidescan Sonar
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4.2.3.1 2000
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4.2.3.2 2002
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4.2.3.3 2005
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4.2.3.4 2008
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4.2.3.5 2009
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4.2.4 Acoustic Ground Discrimination
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4.2.5 Magnetometer
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4.2.6 Grain Size Analysis
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4.2.7 Sub-bottom
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4.3 Meso- and Wreck-Scale Site Evolution
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4.3.1 Annual Meso-Scale Site Evolution
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4.3.1.1 July 2002–April 2005
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4.3.1.2 April 2005–August 2006
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4.3.1.3 August 2006–September 2009
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4.3.2 Annual/Monthly Wreck-Scale Site Evolution
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4.3.2.1 July 2002–April 2005
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4.3.2.2 April 2005–September 2005
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4.3.2.3 September 2005–March 2006
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4.3.2.4 March 2006–August 2006
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4.3.2.5 August 2006–September 2009
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4.3.3 Maximum and Minimum Depth Locations
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4.4 Discussion
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5: The In Situ Archaeological Remains of the Stirling Castle
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5.1 Initial Site Formation Processes
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5.2 Site Development: Methodology
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5.2.1 Observations on Overall Correlation
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5.3 Site Development: 1979–2009
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5.3.1 Discovery: 1979
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5.3.2 Re-Emergence: 1998–2000
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5.3.2.1 Stern Area
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5.3.2.2 Amidships
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5.3.2.3 Bow Area
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5.3.2.4 Summary
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5.3.3 Reburial: 2002–2009
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5.4 Discussion
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6: Stirling Castle: Ship Structure and Shipbuilding
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6.1 Overview
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6.1.1 Construction Summary
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6.2 Framing
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6.2.1 Futtocks
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6.2.2 Deck Beams
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6.2.3 Stern Structure
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6.3 Planking and Fastening
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6.4 Rudder and Steering Mechanism
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6.5 Discussion
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7: Organic Material
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7.1 Methodology
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7.2 Recovered Artefacts by Material
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7.2.1 Plant Remains
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7.2.2 Bamboo
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7.2.3 Bone and Ivory
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7.2.4 Cork
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7.2.5 Fibre
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7.2.6 Gourd and Coconut
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7.2.7 Leather
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7.2.8 Textile
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7.2.9 Tar
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7.2.10 Wood
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7.2.10.1 Containers
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7.2.10.2 Dress and Personal Accessories
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7.2.10.3 Entertainment/Leisure
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7.2.10.4 Food Preparation and Consumption
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7.2.10.5 Navigation and Measurement
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7.2.10.6 Tools and Equipment
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7.2.10.7 Ship’s Fixtures and Fittings
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7.2.10.8 Weapons
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7.2.10.9 Miscellaneous
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7.3 Discussion
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7.3.1 Galley Objects
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7.3.2 Dress Accessories
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7.3.3 Personal/Leisure Items
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7.3.4 Tools and Equipment
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7.4 Conclusion
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8: Glass
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8.1 Introduction and Methodology
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8.1.1 Scientific Examination and Analysis
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8.2 Recovered Artefacts by Type
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8.2.1 Bottles
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8.2.1.1 Onion Bottles
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8.2.1.2 Square-Sided Bottles
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8.2.1.3 Cylindrical Bottles
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8.2.2 Drinking Glasses
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8.2.3 Timing Glasses
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8.2.4 Window Glass
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8.2.5 Miscellaneous
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8.3 Scientific Examination and Analysis
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8.3.1 Methods of Analysis
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8.3.2 Results
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8.3.2.1 Tableware
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8.3.2.2 The Bottles
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8.3.2.2 The Plate Window Glass
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8.4 Discussion
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9: Metal
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9.1 Introduction and Methodology
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9.1.1 Scientific Examination and Analysis
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9.2 Eating and Drinking
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9.2.1 Plates
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9.2.2 Bowls, Dishes, Lids and Porringers
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9.2.3 Utensils
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9.2.4 Jugs, Tankards and Drinking Vessels
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9.2.5 Cooking Equipment
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9.3 Personal Artefacts
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9.3.1 Clothing and Attire
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9.3.2 Lighting
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9.3.3 Miscellaneous
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9.4 Ship’s Equipment and Fittings
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9.4.1 Navigation and Measurement
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9.4.2 Scuppers
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9.4.3 Miscellaneous
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9.4.4 Copper/Copper-Alloy Fastenings
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9.4.5 Unidentified Concretions
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9.5 Arms and Armament
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9.5.1 Swords
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9.5.2 Small Arms
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9.5.3 Ammunition
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9.5.4 Cannon
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9.5.5 Shot
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9.6 Scientific Examination and Analysis
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9.6.1 Methods of Analysis
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9.6.2 Results
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9.6.2.1 Navigational Dividers
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9.6.2.2 Pewter
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9.7 Discussion
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10: Pottery
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10.1 Introduction and Methodology
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10.2 The Pottery
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10.3 Discussion
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11: Stone, Brick and Clay Pipes
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11.1 Introduction and Methodology
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11.2 Recovered Artefacts by Type
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11.2.1 Navigational/Deck Slates
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11.2.2 Whetstones
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11.2.3 Bricks
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11.2.4 Clay Pipes
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12: The Stirling Castle: 1677–2009
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12.1 Fighting the Ship
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12.1.1 Personal Weapons and Small Arms
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12.2 Navigation
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12.2.1 Navigational Practice c.1703
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12.2.2 The Navigational Equipment of the Stirling Castle
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12.3 Artefact Distribution
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12.4 Reflections on the Archaeology of the Stirling Castle
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12.4.1 Restoration Warship or Vessel of 1699?
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12.4.2 Shipwreck and Historical Archaeology of the Stirling Castle
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12.5 Conclusion
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References
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Appendices
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Index
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Back Cover
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Citable Link
Published: 2020
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407356877 (paperback)
- 9781407356884 (ebook)
BAR Number: B656