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The Other Movement: Indian Rights and Civil Rights in the Deep South
Denise E. Bates
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In recalling political activism in the post-World War II South, rarely does one consider the political activities of American Indians as they responded to desegregation, the passing of the Civil Rights Acts, and the restructuring of the American political party system. Native leaders and activists across the South created a social and political movement all their own, which drew public attention to the problems of discrimination, poverty, unemployment, low educational attainment, and poor living conditions in tribal communities. While tribal-state relationships have historically been characterized as tense, most southern tribes—particularly non-federally recognized ones—found that Indian affairs commissions offered them a unique position in which to negotiate power. Although individual tribal leaders experienced isolated victories and generated some support through the 1950s and 1960s, the creation of the inter-tribal state commissions in the 1970s and 1980s elevated the movement to a more prominent political level. Through the formalization of tribal-state relationships, Indian communities forged strong networks with local, state, and national agencies while advocating for cultural preservation and revitalization, economic development, and the implementation of community services. This book looks specifically at Alabama and Louisiana, places of intensive political activity during the civil rights era and increasing Indian visibility and tribal reorganization in the decades that followed. Between 1960 and 1990, U.S. census records show that Alabama’s Indian population swelled by a factor of twelve and Louisiana’s by a factor of five. Thus, in addition to serving as excellent examples of the national trend of a rising Indian population, the two states make interesting case studies because their Indian commissions brought formerly disconnected groups, each with different goals and needs, together for the first time, creating an assortment of alliances and divisions.
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Cover Page
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Contents
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List of Illustrations
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Preface
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Acknowledgments
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Indian Groups and Organizations of Alabama and Louisiana
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1. Back on the Map: The Emergence of a Deep Southern Indian Rights Movement
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2. “We’ll Do It in the Spiritof Brotherhood”: Inter-Tribal Politics and the Challenge of Centralizing Representation
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3. Acknowledging Indians in a Bipolar South: Shifting Racial Identities
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4. Starting from Scratch: Struggling to Improve Indian Lives
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5. A Regional Makeover: Tourism and How Indians Remade the South
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Conclusion
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Appendix: Other Tribes of the South
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Notes
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References
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Index
Citable Link
Published: 2011
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
- 9780817385941 (ebook)