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Neanderthal Resilience in Two Hotspot Zones of Iberia (Cantabrian and Betic Regions)
Marco Antonio Bernal Gómez
Neanderthal Resilience in Two Hotspot Zones of Iberia (Cantabrian and Betic Regions) provides ground-breaking research on Neanderthal lithic technical and subsistence practices. It examines bioclimatic settlement behavioural patterns of two regions of the Iberian Peninsula during the late Pleistocene Period: the northern Cantabrian region and the southern Betic region. The principal aim is to test whether hominid groups of the same species (Homo neanderthalensis) behaved, exploited and occupied their territory in similar or different ways under varying environmental conditions. Three approaches were undertaken: a technological study of eight lithic assemblages, a construction of a database of faunal remains and an analysis of settlement patterns related to bioclimatic mapping. Results of these analyses suggest that Neanderthals in both regions reacted to changes in local ecology and climate in similar ways, highlighting their great adaptive ability and commonality in their behavioural responses.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Dedication
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abstract
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Introduction
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1.2. Structure of the Book
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2. Theoretical Framework
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2.1. Background on Neanderthal behaviour
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2.2. Distribution of Neanderthal fossil evidence in Iberia
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2.3. The Mousterian variability debate
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2.4. Iberia paleaoenvironmental framework during Upper Pleistocene
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2.5. The geographic and geological framework of the Iberian Peninsula
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3. Objectives
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3.1. Hypothesis to be tested
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3.2. Research questions
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3.2.1. Regarding Neanderthal technical behaviour
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3.2.2. Regarding Neanderthal subsistence practices
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3.2.3. Regarding Neanderthal bioclimatic occupation patterns
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4. Research Design and Methodology
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4.1. Selection of chronological period, regions, sites and assemblages to study
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4.1.1. Chronological period
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4.1.2. Selecting specific regions
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4.1.3. Selecting specific sites and assemblages
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4.2. Data collection methods
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4.2.1. Lithic assemblages
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4.2.2. References database
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4.2.3. Middle Palaeolithic sites fauna database
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4.2.4. Bioclimatic and archaeological sites database
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4.3. Methods of data analysis
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4.3.1. Technological analysis of the lithic record
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5. Neanderthal Technological Behaviour
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5.1. Introduction
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5.2. Analyses of Mousterian lithic asssemblages from Cantabrian region
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5.2.1. Axlor Cave
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5.2.2. Esquilleu Cave
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5.2.3. Morin Cave
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5.2.4. El Castillo Cave
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5.3. Analyses of Mousterian lithic asssemblages from the Betic region
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5.3.1. Abrigo 3 (Yacimientos Arqueológicos De La Araña, Málaga)
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5.3.2. Carihuela Cave
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5.3.3. Zafarraya Cave
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5.3.4. Gorham´S Cave
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5.4. Comparison between lithic assemblages from Betic and Cantabrian regions
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5.4.1. Raw Material
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5.4.2. Technical categories from cores, flakes and retouched tools
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5.5. Summary
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6. Neanderthal Subsistence
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6.1. Introduction
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6.2. Large Game
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6.2.1. Faunal assemblages from Cantabrian region
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6.2.2. Faunal assemblages from Betic region
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6.2.3. Biogeographical faunal analysis
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6.3. Cannibalism
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6.4. Small Game
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6.4.1. Rabbits
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6.4.2. Tortoise
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6.4.3. Marine resource exploitation
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6.4.4. Fish
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6.4.5. Avifauna
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6.5. Plants
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6.6. Summary
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7. Bioclimatic Occupation Patterns
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7.1. Introduction
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7.2. Principles of Bioclimatic maps
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7.3. Archaeological sites dataset
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7.3.1. Mousterian sites
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7.3.2. Châtelperronian sites
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7.3.3. Aurignacian sites
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7.3.4. Gravettian sites
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7.3.5. Solutrean sites
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7.4. Archaeological sites scattered within the bioclimatic belt
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7.4.1. Thermotype
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7.4.2. Ombrotype
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7.5. Summary
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8. Conclusions
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8.1. General Conclusions
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8.1.1. Introduction
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8.1.2. Technological behaviour
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8.1.3. Subsistence practices
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8.1.4. Bioclimatic occupation patterns
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8.2. Future avenues of research
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8.3. Final Conclusions
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References
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Back Cover
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Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407360300 (ebook)
- 9781407360294 (paper)
BAR Number: S3158