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The Origins and Evolution of Pig Domestication in Italy: A regional and diachronic study of husbandry practices
Sofía Tecce
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The domestication of the wild boar and the emergence of the domestic pig are a fundamental aspect of the Neolithic and a key moment in human history. This book represents the most comprehensive zooarchaeological study to date of the origins and evolution of the domestication of the pig in the Italian peninsula, from a wide regional scale and a diachronic perspective. Some key archaeological questions addressed concern how and when the process of pig domestication commenced in Italy, how it evolved, and how it compares with the wider European and Middle Eastern scenarios. Through the collection of mainly biometrical data from several Italian prehistoric sites, this book explores changes in pig management through time, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. The results are articulated with both historical changes in Italian societies and evidence from other areas, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of domestication.
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Cover
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Half title
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Copyright page
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abstract
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1. Introduction
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2. The Pig
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2.1. The Wild Boar and the Pig
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2.1.1. Geographic Distribution, Habitat, and Behaviour
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2.1.2. Size Variability in Wild Boar
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2.2. The Domesticated Animal
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2.2.1. Changes in Domesticated Pigs
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3. Pig Domestication in Archaeology
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3.1. The First Domesticated Pig: Research in the Near East
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3.1.1. Ethnographical Models on Pig Domestication
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3.1.2. Further studies
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3.2. Current Perspectives on Pig Domestication in Europe
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3.2.1. Iberian Peninsula
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3.2.2. Scandinavia and Northern Germany
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3.2.3. Britain
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3.2.4. Italy
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3.4. Genetic Studies on Pig Domestication
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3.5. Summary
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4. A Review of Italian Prehistory
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4.1. Past Climate and Environment in the Italian Peninsula
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4.2. Background on Italian Prehistory: From the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age
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4.2.1. Upper Palaeolithic (30,000 to 8,000 BCE)
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4.2.2. Mesolithic (8,000 to 5,000 BCE)
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4.2.3. Neolithic (6,000 to 3,000 BCE)
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4.2.3.1. Settlement
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4.2.3.2. Economy and Subsistence
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4.2.3.3. Material Culture and Social Organization
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4.2.4. Eneolithic/Copper Age (3,000 to 2,300 BCE)
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4.2.5. Bronze Age (2,300 to 900 BCE)
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4.2.5.1. Settlement
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4.2.5.2. Economy and Subsistence
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4.2.5.3. Material Culture and Social Organization
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5. Methodology
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5.1. Recording Protocol and Quantification Methods
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5.2. Ageing and Sexing
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5.3. Biometry
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5.4. Statistical analyses
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6. The Sites
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6.1. Northern Italy
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6.1.1. Trentino-South Tyrol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Galgenbühel/Dos de la Forca, Pradestel, Riparo Gaban, Romagnano Loc, and Riparo di Biarzo
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6.1.2. Veneto: Rivoli, Cornuda, Molino Casarotto, and Concordia Sagittaria
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6.1.3. Lombardy: Lavagnone
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6.1.4. Liguria: Arene Candide
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6.2. Central Italy
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6.2.1. Emilia-Romagna: Poviglio, Solarolo, Riccione-Ipercoop, Cesena, and Cattolica
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6.2.2. Marche: Conelle and Portonovo
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6.2.3. Tuscany: Gorgo del Ciliegio
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6.2.4. Latium: La Marmotta, Albano Le Macine, Cinquefrondi, Palidoro, and Pantano Borghese
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6.3. Southern Italy
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6.3.1. Apulia: Coppa Nevigata, Grotta Paglicci, Masseria Candelaro, Masseria Fragella, Masseria Pantano, and Grotta Romanelli
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6.3.2. Campania: Baselice, Masseria di Gioia, Santa Maria a’ Peccerella, Mulino Sant’Antonio, La Starza, Gricignano, and Grotta della Cala
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6.3.3. Calabria: Grotta della Madonna, Broglio di Trebisacce, Torre Mordillo, and Favella
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6.3.4. Sicily: Grotta dell’Uzzo and Mursia
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7. Results: Pigs in Italy
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7.1. Age Profiles
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7.2. Sex Ratios
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7.3. Biometry
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7.3.1. Scatterplots
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7.3.2. Log ratios
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7.4. Summary and Preliminary Discussion
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7.4.1. Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic
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7.4.2. Early and Middle Neolithic
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7.4.3. Late Neolithic, Eneolithic/Copper Age, and Bronze Age
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8. Results: Italy in its Broader Context
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8.1. Biometry of postcranial elements
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8.2. Tooth Biometry
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8.3. Summary and Preliminary Discussion
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9. Discussion
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9.1. Pig Domestication in Italy: The Story So Far
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9.1.1. Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic: Wild Boar Hunting in Italy
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9.1.2. Early and Middle Neolithic: Wild Boar Hunting or the Beginning of Pig Domestication?
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9.1.3. Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age: Consolidation of the Domestic Pig
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9.1.4. A Case in Point: Arene Candide
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9.2. The European and Near Eastern Context of Pig Domestication
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9.2.1. Domestic Pigs in Italy: Introduced or Locally Domesticated?
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9.3. Research Questions Revisited
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10. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
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10.1. Future Perspectives for the Study of Pig Domestication in Italy and Europe
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Appendix 1. Recording protocol
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Teeth and Jaws:
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Postcranial bones:
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Appendix 2. NISP tables
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Appendix 3. Summary of biometrical data
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Appendix 4. T-test statistical analyses
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Bibliography
Citable Link
Published: 2020
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407357379 (ebook)
- 9781407357362 (paper)
BAR Number: S3008