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A 7th Century Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Burwell Road, Exning, Suffolk
Andrew A. S. Newton
The village of Exning in the most westerly part of Suffolk is a small settlement appended to the north-west of the larger town of Newmarket. Despite its modern inferiority to Newmarket, it is understood to have been an important location in the Anglo-Saxon period. Statements in the Liber Eliensis or ‘Book of Ely’ suggest that St Æthelthryth, or Etheldreda, the daughter of King Anna of East Anglia, who would become Abbess of Ely, was born here. This volume describes the archaeological excavation of the site and the 7th century Anglo-Saxon cemetery that was recorded here. Grave goods present with several of the burials in the cemetery were indicative of high status. Of further note is the similarity of the richest grave at this site with a grave recorded at a cemetery on the Isle of Ely which is considered to have had links with the religious community there.
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Plates
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List of Graphs
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List of Tables
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List of contributors
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1. Introduction
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2. A note on terminology
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3. The Results of the Excavation
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Introduction
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Phase 1. Possible Prehistoric features
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Phase 2. Romano-British
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Phase 3. Anglo-Saxon
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4. Dating and cemetery chronology
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Results
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5. The Burials
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Skeleton 1; Grave 1 F2037
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Skeleton 2; Grave 2 F2035
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Skeleton 3; Grave 3 F2039
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Skeleton 4; Grave 4 F2041
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Skeleton 5; Grave 5 F2055
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Skeleton 6; Grave 6 F2053
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Skeleton 7; Grave 7 F2059
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Skeleton 8; Grave 8 F2061
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Skeletons 9a & 9b; Grave 9 F2063
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Skeleton 10; Grave 10 F2069
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Skeleton 11; Grave 11 F2073
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Skeleton 12; Grave 12 F2075
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Skeleton 13; Grave 13 F2077
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Skeleton 14; Grave 14 F2079
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Skeleton 15; Grave 15 F2081
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Skeleton 16; Grave 16 F2083
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Skeleton 17; Grave 17 F2085
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Skeleton 18; Grave 18 F2089
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Skeleton 19; Grave 19 F2087
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Skeleton 20; Grave 20 F2091
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6. Cemetery layout
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7. Grave orientation
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8. Grave structures and morphology
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Construction and dimensions of graves
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Coffins and other grave furniture
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9. Burial position
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10. The Cemetery population
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Methodology for Human Skeletal Remains analysis
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Demography
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Life expectancy
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Metrical and morphological analysis
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Stature
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Cranial indices
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Non-metric traits
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Dental analysis
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Pathology
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Congenital and developmental anomalies
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Arthropathies and degenerative disease
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Trauma and stress indicators
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Deficiency disease
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Infections
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Neoplasm
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Miscellaneous lesions
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Stable Isotope Analysis
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Introduction
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Materials and methods
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Results
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Section 1. Population diet
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Migration
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Section 2: Individual bone collagen and dentine collage profiles.
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Lifestyle
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11. The Grave Goods
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Catherine Hills, Ian Riddler, Sam Lucy, Penelope Walton Rogers
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Weapons
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Spearhead
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Seax
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Organic remains of the seax handle and sheath (Penelope Walton Rogers)
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Horse harness fittings
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Pendant
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Copper alloy gilded disc
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Gold and silver jewellery
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Cabochon Pendants
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Gold and silver beads
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Copper alloy and silver dress fasteners and jewellery
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Copper alloy safety pin brooch (Catherine Hills)
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Copper alloy bracelet (Catherine Hills)
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Copper alloy buckle (Catherine Hills)
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Iron buckles (Sam Lucy)
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Silver rings (Catherine Hills)
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Glass beads (Catherine Hills)
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Amulet (Ian Riddler)
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Glass vessels
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Piece of blue glass (Catherine Hills)
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Palm cup (Catherine Hills)
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Two fragments of pale blue translucent glass (Catherine Hills)
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Glass fragment (Catherine Hills)
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Weaving and textile equipment
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Iron woolcomb spikes (Penelope Walton Rogers and Margrethe Felter)
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Pin-beaters (Ian Riddler)
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Other grave-goods
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The Knives (Ian Riddler)
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Organic remains with the knives (Penelope Walton Rogers)
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Knife handles
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Knife sheaths
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Spatulate Implement (Ian Riddler)
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Comb (Ian Riddler)
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Bell (Sam Lucy)
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Gaming Pieces (Ian Riddler)
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Costume and textiles
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Penelope Walton Rogers
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12. Pottery from the graves
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Peter Thompson
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13. Faunal Remains from the graves
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Julia E. M. Cussans
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Animal bone
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Shell
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14. Wealth, status and roles in society
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15. Religion, beliefs and symbolism
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Grave-goods and religious symbolism
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Further meaning and symbolism of grave-goods
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Beliefs, symbolism and the history of the site
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16. Anglo-Saxon burial evidence in the surrounding area
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17. Exning, Ely, and Æthelthryth
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Bibliography
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Appendix 1. Catalogue of Human Skeletal Remains
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Notes
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Articulated skeletons
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Sk. 1: Male, c.25–30 years
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Sk. 2: Child, c.8–10 years
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Sk. 3: Child, c.6–7 years
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Sk. 4: Female, young–middle-aged (c.25–35)
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Sk. 5: Child, c.2 years
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Sk. 7: ?Female, young–middle-aged (c.25–35)
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Sk. 8: Child, c.10–12 years
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Sk. 9A: Female, middle-aged or older (>35 years)
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Sk. 9B: Female, young–middle-aged (c.25–35)
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Sk. 10: Female, middle-aged (c.35–45)
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Sk. 11: Female, middle-aged (c.35–45)
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Sk. 12: Child, c.10–11 years
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Sk. 13: Child, c.7 years
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Sk. 14: Male, middle-aged or older (>35 years)
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Sk. 15: Male, c.25–30 years
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Sk. 16: Male, young–middle-aged (c.25–35)
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Sk. 17: Male c.16–17 years
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Sk. 18: Male, c.17–18 years
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Sk. 19: Child, c.15 years
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Sk. 20: Male, c.18–20 years
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Skeleton Diagrams
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Measurements
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Non-metric traits
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Back Cover
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Citable Link
Published: 2020
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407356921 (paperback)
- 9781407356938 (ebook)
BAR Number: B655