Share the story of what Open Access means to you
University of Michigan needs your feedback to better understand how readers are using openly available ebooks. You can help by taking a short, privacy-friendly survey.
Becoming Roman in North East Lincolnshire: Excavation and survey along the A160/A180 Port of Immingham Improvement Scheme
Nigel Andrew Cavanagh
You don't have access to this book. Please try to log in with your institution.
Log in
This volume presents the results of archaeological investigations and mitigation undertaken along the route of the proposed A160/A180 Port of Immingham Road improvement scheme in 2015. Three major sites were identified along the route, with significant archaeological finds dating from the Bronze Age to the Anglo-Saxon periods. The bulk of the archaeological evidence related to late Iron Age and Roman-British settlements at three sites: Brocklesby Interchange, Rosper Road and Habrough Junction. The nature of these sites is examined and discussed, and their differing fortunes after the Roman Conquest are analysed to highlight issues of regional continuity and change within this dynamic period. Finally, a detailed discussion of the material culture provides an important corpus of new information for this region, in particular adding considerably to our current understanding of economic activities and ceramic supply in the north-eastern Lincolnshire area and the Humber region in general.
-
Cover
-
Title page
-
Copyright page
-
Of Related Interest
-
Acknowledgements
-
Contents
-
List of figures
-
List of tables
-
Abstract
-
1. Introduction
-
Previous Archaeological Works Relating to the Improvement Scheme
-
Site Description
-
Historical and Archaeological Background
-
Early Prehistoric
-
Neolithic
-
Bronze Age
-
Iron Age
-
Romano-British
-
Post-Roman
-
-
Scope of Mitigation Works.
-
-
2. Excavation Results
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Phase 1: Earlier Prehistoric
-
Phase 2.1: Mid- to Late Iron Age
-
Phase 2.2: Later Iron Age
-
Phase 3.1: Early Romano-British 1: late first to mid-second century AD
-
Phase 3.2: Early Romano-British 2: second century AD
-
Phase 3.3: Late Romano-British: Third to mid-fourth century AD
-
Roman burials 16 and 9; cremation 93
-
-
Phase 3.4: Late Romano-British: mid-fourth to fifth century AD
-
Phase 4.1: Early medieval
-
Phase 4.2: Relict furrows and medieval ploughing trend
-
Phase 4.3: Post-medieval enclosure boundaries
-
-
Rosper Road
-
Introduction
-
Iron Age farmstead and enclosure ditch
-
Iron Age roundhouses
-
Abandonment of Enclosure 2 (mid- to late first century AD)
-
Phase 3.1: Early Romano-British 1 (late first to mid-second century AD)
-
Phase 4: Medieval to Modern
-
Phase 4.3: Post-medieval field boundaries
-
-
South Killingholme (Habrough Junction)
-
Introduction
-
Phase 1: Earlier Prehistoric
-
Phase 2.1: Mid- to Late Iron Age
-
Phase 2.2: Later Iron Age
-
Phase 3.1: Early Romano-British (late first to mid-second century AD)
-
Phase 4: Medieval to Modern
-
-
-
3. Discussion by Period
-
The Earlier Prehistoric Landscape (Phase 1)
-
The Later Iron Age Landscape (Phase 2)
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Late Iron Age Human Remains
-
Rosper Road
-
-
The Romano-British Landscape (Phase 3)
-
Rosper Road and Habrough Junction
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Site Economies
-
Romano-British Human Remains
-
Rosper Road
-
The Post-Roman Landscape
-
-
Conclusions
-
-
4. Material Culture
-
Prehistoric and Romano-British pottery: I.M. Rowlandson and H.G. Fiske
-
Introduction
-
Methodology
-
Earlier Prehistoric
-
Iron Age rock-gritted wares
-
-
Catalogue of illustrated rock-gritted wares from Rosper Road
-
Catalogue of illustrated rock-gritted vessels from the Brocklesby Interchange site
-
Shell-gritted and grog-gritted wares
-
-
Catalogue of illustrated shell-gritted wares from Rosper Road
-
Catalogue of illustrated shell-gritted wares from Brocklesby Interchange
-
Quartz sand-gritted wares
-
Grog-gritted wares
-
-
The other Roman pottery
-
Amphora
-
Other finewares
-
Reduced wares
-
Native tradition wares
-
Shell or calcite-gritted Late Roman wares
-
Mortaria
-
-
-
The pottery by site: Top Road and Habrough Junction
-
Phase 1: Earlier Prehistoric
-
Phase 2.1: Mid-to Late Iron Age
-
Phase 2.2: Late Iron Age Enclosure 7
-
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Phase 1: Earlier Prehistoric
-
Phase 2.1: Mid- to Late Iron Age
-
Phase 2.2: Later Iron Age
-
Enclosure 10
-
The other phase 2.2 features
-
-
Phase 3.1 Early Romano-British (late first to mid-second century AD)
-
Phase 3.1: Ditches and enclosures
-
Phase 3.1: Pits and other features
-
Pit Group 52 and Ditch Group 55
-
-
Phase 3.2: Second century AD and later
-
Phase 3.2: Ditch Group 25
-
Phase 3.2 Ditch Group 32
-
Phase 3.2: Gully 36
-
Phase 3.2: Feature Group 39
-
Phase 3.2: Ditch Group 69
-
Phase 3.2: Pit Group 100
-
Other phase 3.2 features
-
-
Phase 3.3: Late third to mid-fourth century AD
-
Ditch Group 32
-
Ditch Group 44
-
Ditch Group 49
-
Ditch Group 50
-
Ditch Group 56
-
Ditch Group 110
-
Other features
-
-
Phase 3.4: Mid-fourth century or later
-
Ditch Group 24
-
Gully Group 27
-
Ditch Group 28
-
Ditch Group 29
-
Ditch Group 34
-
Group 45
-
Feature Group 46
-
Ditch Group 47
-
Ditch Group 48
-
Feature Group 53
-
Ditch Group 57
-
Ditch Group 111
-
Other features
-
-
Phases 4-6: Medieval to modern features, unstratified and unphased groups
-
-
Rosper Road excavation area
-
Penannular Ditch 3
-
Penannular Ditch 4
-
Enclosure 2
-
Other features
-
Discussion of the Rosper Road assemblage
-
-
Conclusions
-
Earlier Prehistoric pottery
-
Iron Age
-
Roman
-
-
Post-Roman pottery: Jane Young
-
Introduction
-
Methodology
-
Condition
-
The range and variety of materials
-
Saxon
-
Medieval
-
Late medieval to post-medieval
-
Early modern
-
-
The Provenance of the material
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Rosper Road
-
Top Road and Habrough Junction
-
-
Discussion
-
-
Osteology: Katie Keefe and Malin Holst
-
Summary
-
Area EXC1: Cremation 3454
-
Areas EXC2a and EXC2b
-
Area EXC3a
-
Area EXC3b: Skeleton 4020
-
-
Aims and Objectives
-
Methodology
-
Osteological analysis
-
Preservation
-
Minimum number of individuals
-
Assessment of age
-
Sex determination
-
-
Metric analysis
-
Stature
-
-
Non-metric traits
-
Conclusion
-
Pathological analysis
-
Infectious disease
-
Periosteal Reactions
-
Degenerative joint disease
-
Osteoarthritis
-
Trauma
-
Conclusion
-
-
Dental Health
-
Dental wear
-
Calculus
-
Periodontal disease
-
Dental enamel hypoplasia
-
Dental health conclusions
-
-
Discussion and summary
-
Cremation burial 3454
-
Context 12118
-
Skeleton 12003
-
12095
-
19073
-
Skeleton 4020
-
-
Recommendations
-
-
Metal and bone finds: Kevin Leahy
-
Copper alloy finds
-
Ferrous metal finds
-
Worked bone
-
-
Worked Stone: Ruth Shaffrey
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Phase 2.2: Later Iron Age
-
Catalogue of Phase 2.2 stone from Brocklesby Interchange
-
Phase 3.2 Early Roman
-
Catalogue of Phase 3.2 stone
-
Phase 3.3: Later Roman
-
Catalogue of Phase 3.3 worked stone
-
Phase 3.4: Late Roman
-
Catalogue of Phase 3.4 worked stone
-
Unphased/modern
-
-
Discussion
-
-
Roman glass: Sally Worrell
-
Blown glass
-
001a: Area EXC3a, 1525, pit 1526: RF32
-
001b: Area EXC3a, 1220, ditch 1221
-
002: Area EXC3a, 1184, ditch 1183
-
003a: Area EXC3a, 1845, ditch 1844
-
003b: Area SMS2, 2023, ditch 2022
-
004: Area EXC3a, 1279: destruction layer
-
-
Objects
-
005: RF64: EXC3a, 1765, ditch 1764
-
-
-
Briquetage and saltmaking: Tom Lane
-
Introduction
-
Archaeological background
-
The briquetage
-
Nature of the briquetage assemblage
-
Method of analysis
-
Containers
-
Supports
-
Structural
-
Miscellaneous
-
Intensity of use
-
Associated features?
-
Dating
-
-
Discussion: Salt making or not?
-
Conclusion
-
-
Ceramic building material: Jane Young
-
Introduction
-
Condition
-
The ceramic building material
-
Roman tile and brick
-
Fabric 1
-
Fabric 2
-
Fabric 3
-
Fabric 4
-
Fabric 5
-
Fabric 6
-
Fabric 7
-
Fabric 8
-
Fabric 9
-
Fabric 10
-
Fabric 11
-
Fabric 12
-
Fabric 13
-
Fabric 14
-
Fabric 15
-
Fabric 16
-
-
The medieval tile to post-medieval tile
-
The late medieval to early post-medieval brick
-
The early modern brick and tile
-
The provenance of the material
-
Open area excavations
-
EXC1
-
EXC2a
-
EXC3a
-
EXC3b
-
SMS3
-
AMA4
-
AMA5
-
Rosper Road
-
-
Discussion of potential and significance of the data
-
-
Fired clay and daub: Jane Young
-
Introduction
-
Methodology
-
Condition
-
The assemblage
-
Fabric 1
-
Fabric 2
-
Fabric 3
-
Fabric 4
-
Fabric 5
-
Fabric 6
-
Fabric 10
-
Fabric 11
-
-
The Provenance of the material
-
Brocklesby Interchange
-
Phase 1
-
Phase 2.1
-
Phase 2.2
-
Phase 3
-
Phase 3.1
-
Phase 3.2
-
Phase 3.3
-
Phase 3.4
-
-
Rosper Road
-
Top Road and Habrough Junction
-
Discussion of material
-
-
Textile impressed daub: Penelope Walton Rogers
-
The flint: Rebecca Devaney
-
Introduction
-
Methodology
-
Assessment of assemblage
-
EXC2a/b
-
EXC3a
-
EXC3b
-
SMS2a
-
SMS3
-
AMA4
-
IMM16
-
-
Raw material
-
Discussion
-
-
Animal bones: Matilda Holmes
-
Summary
-
Methodology
-
Taphonomy and condition
-
Bone from samples
-
Phase 1: Bronze Age to Early Iron Age
-
Phase 2.1: Mid- to Late Iron Age
-
Phase 2.2: Late Iron Age
-
Enclosure 10
-
Enclosure 18
-
Enclosure 19
-
-
Phase 3.1: Early Roman I (late first to mid-second century AD)
-
Structure 55
-
Ditch 23
-
-
Phase 3.2: Early Roman II (second century AD)
-
Phase 3.3: Late Roman I (third to mid-fourth century)
-
Phase 3.4: Late Roman II (mid-fourth to fifth century)
-
Enclosure 24
-
Ditch 28
-
Drainage Ditch 47
-
Ditch 53
-
-
Rosper Road
-
Habrough Junction
-
Mid- to Late Iron Age: Enclosure 6
-
Late Iron Age: Enclosure 7
-
-
Discussion
-
Formation of bone deposits
-
-
Rituals
-
Bronze Age
-
Iron Age
-
Roman
-
-
Cultural Change?
-
Butchery
-
Husbandry
-
Redistribution
-
-
Animals, diet, and new stock
-
Nature of the site
-
-
-
5. Scientific and Environmental Analyses
-
Radiocarbon determinations: SUERC
-
Metallic residues on fired clay: Dr R. Mackenzie
-
Introduction
-
Crucible fragments
-
Results and Interpretation
-
-
Lipid Analysis: Julie Dunne and Richard Evershed
-
Introduction
-
Aims and objectives
-
Analytical methods
-
Results
-
Cooking vessels
-
Specialist vessels: ‘cheese presses’
-
Mortaria
-
Vessel use
-
-
Discussion and conclusion
-
-
The charred plant macrofossils and other remains: Val Fryer
-
Conclusions
-
-
Marine shell: Jacqui Hutton
-
Introduction
-
Archaeological background
-
Methodology
-
Results
-
Bryozoans
-
Cliona celata
-
-
Polydora
-
Discussion
-
-
-
Bibliography
-
Back cover
Citable Link
Published: 2024
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407361369 (ebook)
- 9781407361352 (paper)
BAR Number: B685