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Arts and Crafts in Iron Age East Yorkshire: A holistic approach to pattern and purpose, c. 400BC-AD100
Helen Chittock
This volume presents a new approach to decorative practices in Iron Age Britain and beyond. It aims to collapse the historic distinction between art and craft during the period 400BC-AD100 by examining the purposeful nature of decoration on varied Iron Age objects, not just those traditionally considered art. A case study from East Yorkshire (UK), a region well known for its elaborate Iron Age metalwork, is presented. This study takes a holistic approach to the finds from a sample of 30 sites, comparing pattern and plainness on objects of a wide range of materials. The analysis focuses on the factors that led makers to decorate certain objects in certain ways and the uses of different patterns in different social contexts. A concentrated study on evidence for use-wear, damage, repair and modification then draws on primary research and uses assemblage theory to better understand the uses and functions of decorated objects and the ways these developed over time.
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abstract
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1 An Introduction to This Book: What Did Pattern Do?
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1.1. Introduction
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1.2. The Origins of This Book
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1.3. What Is This Book About?
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1.4. Chapter Outline
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2 A Brief History of Celtic Art Studies in Britain and Beyond
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2.1. Introduction
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2.2. The Emergence of a Celtic Art Style
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2.2.1. The Idea of the Celts
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2.2.2. The Grammar of Ornament
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2.2.3. Horae Ferales, John Kemble and A.W. Franks
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2.3. Celtic Art in Time and Space
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2.3.1. Synthesis and Chronology in the 20th Century
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2.3.2. The Limitations of Celtic Art
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2.4. Peasant Art and Home-Crafts
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2.4.1. Glastonbury Lake Village and Its Arts and Crafts
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2.4.2. Shifting Models of Iron Age Craft and Value
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2.5. Rethinking Celtic Art
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2.6. Chapter Conclusion
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3 A Return to Pattern and Purpose
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3.1. Introduction
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3.2. Formulating the Research Question
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3.3. Pattern and Purpose: A Survey of Early Celtic Art in Britain
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3.4. Defining Pattern
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3.5. Defining Purpose
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3.6. Reintegrating Pattern and Purpose
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3.7. Chapter Conclusion
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4 Beyond the Arras Culture: Characterising the Iron Age of East Yorkshire
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4.1. Introduction
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4.1.1. Why East Yorkshire?
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4.2. Researching the Iron Age in East Yorkshire
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4.2.1. Antiquarianism
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4.2.2. The Arras Culture
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4.2.3. Searching for Settlements
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4.2.4. Chronological Discussions of Iron Age East Yorkshire
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4.3. Characterising the Middle-Late Iron Age in East Yorkshire
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4.3.1. The Middle Iron Age: 400–100BC
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Cemeteries
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Chariot Burials
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‘Warrior’ Burials
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Settlements
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Material Culture
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4.3.2. The Late Iron Age: 100BC–AD100
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Cemeteries
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Settlements
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Material Culture
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4.4. Pattern, Colour and Society in Iron Age East Yorkshire
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4.4.1. Early Celtic Art (and Other Art) in East Yorkshire
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4.4.2. Significant Materials
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4.4.3. The Functions of Patterned Objects
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5 Pattern and Context in the Dataset
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5.1. Introduction
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5.2. The Dataset
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5.2.1. The Sample of Sites
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5.2.2. Data from the Portable Antiquities Scheme
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5.2.3. Dating
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5.2.4. Data Collection
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5.2.5. Pattern in the Dataset
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5.2.6. Context in the Dataset
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5.3. Data Analysis
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5.3.1. Ceramic Sherds
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5.3.2. Patterned and Plain Objects
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5.3.3. Style and Context
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5.3.4. Patterned Object Types
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5.4. Discussion of Data
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5.4.1. The Decision to Decorate
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5.4.2. The Decision to Deposit
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5.4.3. Reflecting on the Limitations of ‘Object Type’ Categories
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6 Pattern and Purpose in the Dataset
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6.1. Introduction
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6.1.1. Fox’s Ideas about Purpose
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6.1.2. Augmenting Purpose
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6.2. Data Analysis
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6.2.1. Purpose Categories and Pattern
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6.2.2. Purpose Categories and Deposition
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6.3. Discussion of Data
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6.3.1. Horse and Chariot Gear
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6.3.2. Weapons and Defence
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6.3.3. Personal Ornament
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6.3.4. Mirrors
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6.3.5. Vessels
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6.3.6. Implements
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6.3.7. Ambiguous Objects
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6.4. Chapter Conclusion
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7 Iron Age Groupsets in Time and Space
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7.1. Introduction
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7.1.1. Biographies, Itineraries and Beyond
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7.1.2. Iron Age Groupsets
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7.2. Methodology
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7.3. Chariots
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7.3.1. Ferry Fryston (Wakefield Museums and Castles)
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7.3.2. Wetwang Village (British Museum, 2001,0401)
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7.3.3. Wetwang 2 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
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7.3.4. Garton Slack (Hull and East Riding Museum, 1973.32)
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7.3.5. Wetwang 1 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
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7.3.6. Wetwang 3 (Hull and East Riding Museum, 2010.8)
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7.3.7. Kirkburn (British Museum, 1987,0404)
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7.3.8. Garton Station (British Museum, 1985,0305)
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7.3.9. Arras: The Queen’s Barrow (British Museum, 1877,1016)
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7.3.10. Chariots: Discussion
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Raw Materials
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Design and Making
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Use
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Collection, Exchange and Deposition
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Chariots: Summary
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7.4. Swords (and a Single Shield)
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400–100BC
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7.4.1. The Bugthorpe Sword (British Museum, 1905,0717.1)
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7.4.2. The Kirkburn Sword (British Museum, 1987,0404.2)
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7.4.3. Wetwang 1 (Hull and East Riding Museum, KINCM:2010.8.31)
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7.4.4. Wetwang 3 (Hull and East Riding Museum, KINCM:2010.8.65)
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7.4.5. The Grimthorpe Sword and Shield (British Museum, 1876,0208.10)
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The Grimthorpe Shield (British Museum 1876,0208.1 and 2)
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100BC–AD100
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7.4.6 The South Cave Hoard (Beverley Treasure House)
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RF40 (2005,99.9)
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RF18 (2005,99.8)
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RF41 (2005,99.10)
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RF17 (2005,99.5)
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RF16 (2005,99.25)
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The South Cave Swords as an Assemblage
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7.4.7. Swords: Discussion
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Raw Materials
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Design
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Making and Repairing Swords
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Use
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Fragmentation and Reassembly
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Deposition
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Sword: Summary
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7.5. Bone and Antler Objects
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7.5.1. Bone and Antler Objects: An Overview
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7.5.2. The Comb Pit (Garton Slack XI, Hull and East Riding Museum)
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7.5.3. Bone and Antler Objects from Rudston Villa East Site
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7.5.4. Bone Points
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7.5.5. Bone and Antler Objects: Discussion
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Making Bone and Antler Objects
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The Decision to Decorate
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Use
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Bone and Antler Objects: Summary
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7.6. Pots
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7.6.1. Raw Materials
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7.6.2. Design
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7.6.3. Use-Wear
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7.6.4. Fragmentation and Deposition
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7.6.5. Exchange
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7.6.6. Pots: Discussion
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7.7. Chapter Conclusion
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7.7.1. Iron Age ‘Kintsugi’
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7.7.2. Pattern as Patina
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8 Pattern and Purpose in Iron Age East Yorkshire
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8.1. The Decision to Decorate
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8.2. The Processes of Design and Patterning
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8.3. The Deployment of Pattern
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8.4. The Accumulation of Pattern
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8.5. The Deposition of Patterned Objects
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8.6. What Did Pattern Do?
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8.7. Looking Further Afield: Overlapping Traditions at Different Scales, and Local Interpretations of Wider Artistic Practices
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8.8. Conclusion: A Threefold Purpose of Iron Age Pattern
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References
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Appendix I
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Appendix II
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Citable Link
Published: 2021
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407356983 (ebook)
- 9781407356976 (paper)
BAR Number: B660
- Dress / Jewellery / Personal Ornament
- Death / Burial / Cemeteries / Tombs
- Identity / Gender / Childhood / Ethnicity / Romanization
- Bronze Age and Iron Age
- Celtic Art
- Theory and Method (general titles)
- Decoration
- Assemblage
- Art / Sculpture / Gems / Seals
- History of archaeology
- History of Archaeology
- Metal Objects
- Craft working (general titles, bone, glass, textiles, etc.)
- Prehistory