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  3. Archaeological Investigations in a Northern Albanian Province: Results of the Projekti Arkeologjik i Shkodrës (PASH): Volume Two: Artifacts and Artifact Analysis

Archaeological Investigations in a Northern Albanian Province: Results of the Projekti Arkeologjik i Shkodrës (PASH): Volume Two: Artifacts and Artifact Analysis

Michael L. Galaty and Lorenc Bejko, Editors
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To date, very few northern Albanian archaeological sites have been surveyed and excavated. Situated beyond the reach, and allure, of the Classical Greek colonies of south-central Albania, the region has drawn less scholarly attention. But in various ways, northern Albania is just as important to the ongoing archaeological debates regarding the origins of inequality and the rise of social complexity.

Some of the earliest and largest hill forts and tumuli (burial mounds) in Albania, dating to the Bronze and Iron Age, are located in Shkodër. Shkodër (Rozafa) Castle became the capital of the so-called Illyrian Kingdom, which was conquered by Rome in the early 3rd century BC. This research report, focused on the province of Shkodër, is based on five years of field and laboratory work and is the first synthetic archaeological treatment of this region.

The results of the Projekti Arkeologjik i Shkodrës (or PASH) are presented here in two volumes. Volume 1 includes geological context, a literature review, historical background, and reports on the regional survey and test excavations at three settlements and three tumuli. In Volume 2, the authors describe the artifacts recovered through survey and excavation, including chipped stone, small finds, and pottery from the prehistoric, Classical, Roman, medieval, and post-medieval periods. They also present results of faunal, petrographic, chemical, carpological, and strontium isotope analyses of the artifacts. Extensive supporting data is available on the University of Michigan's Deep Blue data repository: https://doi.org/10.7302/xnpy-0e60

These two volumes place northern Albania—and the Shkodër Province in particular—at the forefront of archaeological research in the Balkans.

 
  • Contents
  • List of Illustrations
  • List of Tables
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • PASH Participants
  • How to Use This Book
  • Glossary of Albanian Terms
  • Chapter 9: The Lithic Assemblages | Rudenc Ruka
  • Chapter 10: Prehistoric Pottery | Lorenc Bejko, Zhaneta Gjyshja, and Anisa Mara
  • Chapter 11: Archaic, Classical, and Roman Pottery | Eduard Shehi
  • Chapter 12: Roman and Late Roman Pottery | Brikena Shkodra-Rrugia
  • Chapter 13: Medieval to Early Modern Pottery Finds from the Shkodër Region, Northern Albania | Joanita Vroom and Mink W. van IJzendoorn
  • Chapter 14: Chemical Analysis of Pottery | Danielle J. Riebe, Sylvia Deskaj, and Michael L. Galaty
  • Chapter 15: Petrographic Analysis of Prehistoric Pottery | Anisa Mara
  • Chapter 16: Grinding Stones | Zhaneta Gjyshja
  • Chapter 17: Other Small Finds | Michael L. Galaty, Lorenc Bejko, Rovena Kurti, and Zamir Tafilica
  • Chapter 18: Archaeobotanical Remains from Gajtan and Zagorë | Susan E. Allen and Martha M. Wendel
  • Chapter 19: Faunal Analysis | Richard W. Yerkes
  • Chapter 20: Strontium Isotope and DNA Analysis | Michael L. Galaty, Sylvia Deskaj, Amy R. Michael, Francis Ö. Dudás, and Joshua A. Burbank
  • Chapter 21: Ethnographic Research: Community Interactions in Shkodër Past and Present | Sylvia Deskaj
  • Chapter 22: Conclusion | Michael L. Galaty and Lorenc Bejko
  • Editor Biographies
  • Author Biographies
  • Index for Volume 2
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Published: 2023
Publisher: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology
ISBN(s)
  • 978-1-951538-69-9 (hardcover)
  • 978-1-951538-67-5 (ebook)
Series
  • Memoirs
Subject
  • European Studies:Eastern European Studies
  • History:European History
  • Archaeology
  • European Studies:Balkans

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Vertical bar graph showing percentage of Fabric Types 1, 1.2, 2, 2.2, and 3 in various sites.

Graph of percentages of fabric types and subtypes from site collections and excavations

From chapter 10

Figure 10.19. Percentages of fabric types from site collections and excavations. S015 = Zagorë surface collections, and S015E = Zagorë excavations.

Sketches (a-f) of 6 pieces of prehistoric pottery from Zagorë and Gajtan.

Prehistoric pottery excavated at Site 015 (Zagorë) and Site 011 (Gajtan)

From chapter 10

Plate 10.12. Prehistoric pottery excavated from Site 015 (Zagorë) and Site 011 (Gajtan). a. PASH 14/S-15/4T/2/1, b. PASH 14/S-15/6T/2/1, c. PASH 14/S-15/4T/2/3, d. PASH 14/S-15/6T/6/1, e. PASH 14/S-15/5T/3/2, f. PASH 14/S-11/3/3 GT3120.

Sketches (a-h) of 8 pieces of pottery from Tumulus 008.

Pottery excavated from Tumulus 088 and Zagorë, and pottery from the surface of Tumulus 071, and pottery from Tract B-084

From chapter 11

Plate 11.13. Pottery excavated from Tumulus 088: a. T-088-Q4B/4/2; pottery excavated from Zagorë: b. S-15/6T-08/13, c. S-15/1T-02/8, d. S-15/6T-01/7, e. S-15/1T-06/9, f. S-15/1T-05/1; pottery from the surface of Tumulus 071: g. T-71/1; and pottery from Tract B-084: h. B-84/1.

Six (a-f) microscopic photographs of pottery specimens.

Photomicrographs of pottery samples from Tumulus 099, Zagorë, and Kodër Boks

From chapter 15

Figure 15.3. Photomicrographs of samples SD004 from Tumulus 099 (a-b), SD054 from Zagorë (c-d), and SD073 from Kodër Boks (e-f). PPL = plane polarized light, XPL = cross polarized light.

Multiple correspondence analysis plot.

Relationships between eighteen pottery types defined using paradigmatic classification by archaeological site (Gajtan, Zagorë, Kodër Boks, Tumulus 088, and Tumulus 099)

From chapter 15

Figure 15.8. Relationships between eighteen pottery types defined using paradigmatic classification by archaeological site (Gajtan, Zagorë, Kodër Boks, Tumulus 088, and Tumulus 099) in the Shkodër region.

Photograph and drawing of iron accessory.

Iron object, possibly a clothing accessory, perhaps a belt component, from Zagorë

From chapter 17

Figure 17.7. Iron object, possibly a clothing accessory, perhaps a belt component, Zagorë (Site 015), Unit 001, Level 007, GT2710.

Photograph and drawing of bronze fragment.

Bronze fragment that might have belonged to a pin shaft, the pin of a fibula, or a bronze tool, from Zagorë

From chapter 17

Figure 17.10. Bronze fragment that might have belonged to a pin shaft, the pin of a fibula, or a bronze tool, Zagorë (Site 015), Unit 006, Level 007, GT2726.

Photograph and drawing of metal hollow arrow point.

Metal hollow arrow point from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Figure 17.14. Metal hollow arrow point, from Unit 001, Level 004 at Zagorë (Site 015), GT2684.

Photograph and drawing of possible phallus fragment.

Possible phallus fragment from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Figure 17.29. Possible phallus fragment, from Zagorë (Site 015), Unit 001, Level 004, GT2827.

Photograph and drawing of conical terracotta loom weight.

Conical terracotta loom weight from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Plate 17.6. Conical terracotta loom weight, GT2894, Zagorë (Site 015).

Photograph and drawing of conical terracotta loom weight.

Conical terracotta loom weight from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Plate 17.7. Conical terracotta loom weight, GT3116, Zagorë (Site 015).

Photograph and drawing of pyramidal terracotta loom weight.

Pyramidal terracotta loom weight from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Plate 17.8. Pyramidal terracotta loom weight, GT3129, Zagorë (Site 015).

Photograph and drawing of biconical spindle whorl.

Biconical spindle whorl from Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Plate 17.9. Biconical spindle whorl, GT2677, Zagorë (Site 015).

Three sets (a-c) of photographs and drawings of glass beads.

Glass beads from Tumulus 088 (Site 014) and Zagorë (Site 015)

From chapter 17

Plate 17.13. Glass beads. a. GT2652, Tumulus 088 (Site 014); b. GT2995, Zagorë (Site 015); and c. GT3005, Tumulus 088 (Site 014).

Two photographs (a & b) of Lathyrus sativum from Zagorë.

Lathyrus sativum from Zagorë

From chapter 18

Figure 18.1. Lathyrus sativum from Zagorë, Unit 001, Level 004.

Photograph of secale cereale from Zagorë.

Secale cereale from Zagorë

From chapter 18

Figure 18.15. Secale cereale from Zagorë, Unit 001, Level 004.

Pie chart showing the breakdown of unidentified, small-size, medium-size, and large-size mammals and canid, pig, sheep or goat, cattle, fish, and birds.

Chart of faunal specimens from 2014 PASH excavations at Zagorë

From chapter 19

Figure 19.5. Percentage of 241 identified faunal specimens from 2014 PASH excavations at the Zagorë site (S-015). Two turtle, five snake, seven amphibian, 33 rodent (micromammal), and 204 unidentified vertebrate fragments are not included. Note the greater variety of animals than in the Kodër Boks sample (Figure 19.4). However, >90% of the sheep or goat remains in samples from both sites were tooth fragments.

Six pie charts showing the breakdowns of sheep or goat, cattle, hare or rabbit canid, pig, and equid at excavations at three upland sites.

Chart of most common mammal remains from PASH 2014 and 2016 excavations at Gajtan, Kodër Boks, and Zagorë; and at Tumulus 088, Tumulus 099, and Tumulus 052, excavated in 2013 and 2014

From chapter 19

Figure 19.7. Top: Frequencies of the most common identified mammal remains from excavations at three upland sites by PASH in 2014 and 2016. Relative abundance is similar at all three sites, although sample size varies. Bottom: This is not the case at the three tumuli excavated in 2013 and 2014 by PASH. Each sample is different, but note the range of NISP. Higher frequencies of canid remains in two tumuli (052 and 099) are notable. The frequencies at Tumulus 088 are most like the upland sites, but there were no pig remains.

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