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Iron Age Wetland Deposition: Case studies from Wales and Scotland
Tiffany Treadway
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The practice of wetland deposition in prehistoric periods is vital for understanding socio-cultural traditions, localised behaviours, and beliefs. Terrestrial deposition has dominated much of the deposition theory, with the importance of wetland deposition recognised only episodically. This study aims to demonstrate wetland deposition's significance and dynamic functions during the British Iron Age, comparing case studies in Wales and Scotland. Through this, it is shown that deposition practices in these regions reaffirmed social and cultural identity, tradition, and collective memory through establishing and evolving mnemonics, while simultaneously performing in a functional and traditional capacity. While wetlands have historically been considered environments denoting separation and isolation, the archaeological evidence is contradictory. Wetlands and wetland environments are, instead, centres of socio-cultural practice and sustainability, especially during civil unrest and economic instability.
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Front Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Archaeology of Prehistoric Ireland & Britain
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Of Related Interest
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Acknowledgements
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Contents
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Abstract
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1. Preface
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2. British Wetland Environments and their importance
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Wetland Environments Observed in Britain
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Finding Prehistoric Wetlands that No Longer Exist
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Environmental Shifts and Correlation with the Iron Age Period
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The Importance of Wetlands in Archaeology
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3. Tradition and Ritual Theory in Relation to Wetland Deposition
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Defining ‘Ritual’
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Ritual Development
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Issues with Ritual Theory and Methods
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Obscure Definitions
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Dependence on Anthropology and Lack of Incorporation of Other Disciplines
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Received Wisdom
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Classical Ethnographic Influence in British Wetland Archaeology
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Connecting Ritualistic Behaviour with Wetland Deposition Tradition
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British Prehistoric Deposition Theory
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Depositional Practices and Trends Observed in Wetland Areas
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Wetland Deposition in Iron Age Britain
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Discussion
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4. British Wetland Deposition Practice
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Hoards
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Multiple Period Hoards
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Llyn Cerrig Bach
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Langstone
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Kincardine Moss
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Balmaclellan
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Airth
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Single Period Hoards
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Llyn Fawr
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Nant-y-Cafn
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Middlebie
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Pairs
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Plockton
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Bargany
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Bunranoch
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Single Object Deposits
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Elvanfoot
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Trawsfynydd
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Torrs
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Multiperiod Single Object Deposits
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Discussion
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5. Exploring Wetland Iron Age Deposition in Scotland
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Highlands and Islands Case-studies
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Single Deposits
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Pairs
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Hoards
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Multiperiod Single Object Deposits
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Northeast Case-studies
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Single Deposits
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Pairs
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Multiple Period Single Object Deposits
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Central’s Case-studies
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Single Deposits
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Pairs
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Multiperiod Hoards
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Southeast Case-studies
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Single
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Pairs
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Hoards
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Southwest Case-studies
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Single
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Pairs
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Hoards
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Multiperiod Hoards
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Multiperiod Single Object Deposits
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6. Assessment of Iron Age Wetland Deposition Practice in Scotland
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Research Questions
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Sub-regional Analysis
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Highlands and Islands
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Environment
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Single, Paired, Hoard, and Multiperiod Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Highlands and Islands Summary
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Northeast
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Northeast Summary
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Central
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Central Summary
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Southeast
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Southeast Summary
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Southwest
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Environment
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Single, Pair, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Southwest Summary
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Sub-regional Comparisons
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Environment
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Single, Paired, Hoard, and Multiperiod Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Summary
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7. Exploring Wetland Iron Age Deposition in Wales
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Northwest Case-studies
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Single Deposits
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Multiperiod Hoard
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Northeast Case-studies
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Single
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Southwest Case-studies
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Single
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Multiperiod Single Object Deposits
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Southeast Case-studies
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Single
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Hoards
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Multiperiod Hoards
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Multiperiod Single Object Deposits
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8. Assessment of Iron Age Wetland Deposition Practice in Wales
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Research Questions
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Sub-Regional Analysis
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Northwest
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Northwest Summary
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Northeast
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Northeast Summary
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Southwest
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Southwest Summary
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Southeast
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Environment
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Single, Pairs, and Hoard Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Objects
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Material Composition
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Dates of Activity
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Southeast Summary
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Sub-Regional Comparisons
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Environment
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Single, Paired, Hoard, and Multiperiod Comparisons
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Depositional Practices
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Summary
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9. Investigating trends of wetland deposition practice
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Wetland Traditions
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Wet Landscapes and Sediments
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Object Types
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Material Types
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Periods of Activity
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Typological-chronological Sequence and Radiocarbon Dates
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Discovery Dates
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Summary
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10. Discussion
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Wetland Landscape
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Associated Wetland Sediments
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Wetland Deposition Traditions – How are Objects Deposited
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Single Object Deposits
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Pairs
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Hoards
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Multiperiod Deposits
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Objects Deposited
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Materials Chosen
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Discussion
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Summary
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11. Conclusion
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Bibliography
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Back Cover
Citable Link
Published: 2023
Publisher: BAR Publishing
- 9781407314952 (paper)
- 9781407354156 (ebook)
BAR Number: B682