Fig. 3.1. Music on the Move: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Voyages. Map by Eric Fosler-Lussier. This map depicts the transportation of enslaved people from Africa as listed in The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database in the decades between 1580 and 1860, grouped by regions where they arrived. White boxes and dashed lines indicate departures; black boxes and solid lines indicate arrivals. Voyages for which the major place of sale could not be imputed were removed from this visualization: the number of enslaved people who did not arrive at their destination (many died, but some possibly escaped) is represented by the difference in the number of persons leaving Africa and those arriving at destination ports. The excellent database at slavevoyages.org describes the research behind this map and more detailed visualizations. (See https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9853855.cmp.31)

Example 3.1. Mississippi Matilda Powell with guitarists Sonny Boy Nelson and Willie Harris, Jr., “Hard Working Woman,” recorded 1936 in New Orleans. Mississippi Blues Volume 3, 1939-1940 (Document Records DOCD-5671, 2002). Used by permission.

Example 3.2. Grinding song attributed to "a young Tikar woman," recorded by Gerhard Kubik in central Cameroon, 1964. Africa and the Blues (Neatwork AB-101, 2001). Used by permission.

Example 3.3. Solo song by Adamou Meigogue Garoua, accompanied by bowed lute, recorded by Gerhard Kubik in northern Cameroon, 1964. Africa and the Blues (Neatwork AB-101, 2001). Used by permission.

Example 3.4. Excerpt from Big Joe Williams, “Stack O’Dollars,” played on a guitar, a one-string fiddle, and a washboard. Recorded in Chicago, 1935 (Document Records BDCD-6003, 1991). See also Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkQe0HqnKyw

Example 3.7. “Guide Me O Thou Great Jehovah,” Ike Caudill leading the Indian Bottom Old Regular Baptist Association congregation, Letcher County, Kentucky. From the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. Courtesy of the Association for Cultural Equity.

Example 3.8. Fisk Jubilee Singers, “Deep River.” Fisk University Jubilee Singers, in chronological order, vol. 3, 1924-1940 (Document Records DOCD-5535, 1997). Used by permission.

Fig. 3.2. Music on the Move: Concert Tours of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1871–80. Map by Eric Fosler-Lussier based on an original map and research by Elizabeth Lacy and Louis Epstein. Darker or overlapping dots indicate multiple performances. (See https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9853855.cmp.42)

Example 3.11. Florence Price, "Fantasie nègre" (Black fantasy), performed by Samatha Ege. Used by permission.

Example 3.12. Margaret Bonds, "Troubled Water," performed by Samantha Ege. Four Women: Music for Piano by Price, Kaprálová, Bilsland, and Bonds (Wave Theory Records, 2018). Used by permission.