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The creation of color in eighteenth-century Europe
Sarah Lowengard
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Cover
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Title Page
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Copyright and Permissions
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List of Illustrations
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Video Clip The Play of Light
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Acknowledgments
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Technological Tasks and Philosophical Ideas
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Introduction
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[Epigraph]
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Methodological Considerations
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The Order of This Book
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Cultures of Sciences, Cultures of Technology
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[Intro]
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Concerns about Progress and Improvement
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Changing Attitudes toward Commerce
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The Role of Technology as an Aspect of the Goals for Commerce and Improvement
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A New Role for the Sciences
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Communal Activities
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Interpreting Authorities
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Consumption and Consumerism
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Changing Systems of Patronage and Support
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Premium Societies
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New Forms of Dissemination, Changing Forms of Participation
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Conclusions
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Enlightened Participation
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Color as Subject and Model
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Number, Order, Form Color Systems and Systematization
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[Intro]
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Number, Shape, and Form
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Color Tables or Color Graphs
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Abraham Gottlob Werner's Geological Classifications
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Separating Color from Colored Objects (Other Graphic Systems)
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Circles and Wheels: Isaac Newton, "C.B." and Louis-Bertrand Castel
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The Usefulness of Charts and Circles, Combined
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The Order of Harris's Circle
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Black and White in Harris's Color System
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Two Dimensions to Three
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Visualization, Systematization, Order, and Meaning for Color (or, What Is Art, to a Scientist?)
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Expertise and Experience or, What is Science, to an Artisan?
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[Intro]
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The Presentations
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Discussions of Physics, Primarily Optics
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Chemistry in Painting
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Chemistry and Quality
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Proving Poor Quality
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Questions of Experience and Observation
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Where Do Good Ideas Come From?
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Publications, the Disagreement, and Personal Enlightenment
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What Is Science, for an Artisan?
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Conclusion
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A Final Word
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Conclusions
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Interactions Between Techniques and Ideas
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Parameters of Color Quality
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[Intro]
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Parameters of Color Quality
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The Cost of Coloring
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Ideals and Realities
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Establishing Goodness
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Confirming Good Color
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Improving Goodness
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Value of Testing Systems
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Coloration and Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century
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[Intro]
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Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century
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Early Ideas about Coloration
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Chemistry in Eighteenth-Century Theories of Coloration
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Reception and Reconfigurations
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Coloration Beyond the Dyehouse
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Chemistry and Restoration
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Conclusion
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Sources, Materials, Techniques
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[Intro]
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The Creation of Color
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Coloring Sources
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Coloring Particles to Coloring Materials
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Coloring Techniques
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Changes to Processes in Eighteenth-Century Colormaking
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Some Further Thoughts
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Details of Products and Production
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Information and Inspiration Verbal Sources
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[Intro]
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Lecture Presentations
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Society Meetings, Lectures, and Presentations
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Apprenticeship
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Other Verbal Transfers
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Information and Inspiration Object Sources
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[Intro]
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Reading Objects
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Information and Inspiration Printed Sources
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[Intro]
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Eighteenth-Century Publication
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Sources for Sources of Inspiration
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Information in Printed Works
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Periodical Publications
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Single-Subject Works
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Publications Specifically about Color
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Other Published and Unpublished Works Based on the Written Word
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Conclusions
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Publication Institutionalizing Practices through Print
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[Intro]
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The Descriptions des arts et métiers and the Creation of Color in Objects
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Publication Order in Publication
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[Intro]
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Urges to Simplify
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Words for Color Names, Nomenclatures, the Problems of Black and White
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[Intro]
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Color Nomenclature in Practices
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Key Words
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The Difficulties of Black and White
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Artists and Colormen Constant de Massoul
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Artists and Colormen Mauclerc
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Artists and Colormen August-Ludewig Pfannenschmid (Color Communication, Mayer Variants)
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[Intro]
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Pfannenschmid's Presentation
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Pfannenschmid's Color Triangle
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Making the Mathematical More Practical?
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Artists and Colormen Arnaud Vincent de Montpetit (Theory and Practice in the Preservation of Art)
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[Intro]
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Vincent de Montpetit's Theory of Deterioration
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Vincent de Montpetit's Eludoric Painting Technique
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Industry and Ideas Jacques-Fabien Gautier, or Gautier d'Agoty
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[Intro]
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Gautier's Life
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Gautier's Color-Printed Pictures
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Gautier's Science
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Gautier's Science in His Industry
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Industry and Ideas Jacob Christoph Le Blon's Systems of Three-Color Printing and Weaving
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[Intro]
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Le Blon's Life
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Le Blon's Printed Pictures
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Le Blon's Tapestries
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The Science in Le Blon's Art
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Industry and Ideas Neilson, Quemiset, Homassel (Dyers and Chemists at the Gobelins Manufacture)
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[Intro]
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Histories of the Gobelins Manufacture
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Tapestries and Quality
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A Project to Improve Manufactures
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The Problems of Color at the Gobelins Manufacture
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Industry and Ideas George Palmer (Explanations of Color, Light, and Vision, Sometimes Complementary, Sometimes Just Perverse)
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[Intro]
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Palmer's Ideas about Color
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Palmer's Explanation
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Industry and Ideas Quintessential Blues for the Eighteenth Century (Indigo and Woad, Cobalt, Zaffer, and Smalt)
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[Intro]
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Indigo
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Cobalt, Zaffer, Smalt
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Industry and Ideas Turkey Red (Technology Transfers and Changes, Imitation and Global Trade)
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Industry and Ideas A Digression about Varnish
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Techniques and Innovations Cudbear and Pompadour
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Techniques and Innovations Order and Industrialization (François Gonin's Endeavors to Improve the Cotton-Dyeing Industry in France)
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[Intro]
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Gonin's Manual on Cotton Dyeing
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Understanding Gonin's System
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The Benefits of Reorganization
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Techniques and Innovations William Peckitt, George Berg (Vitreous-Color Experiments in Mid-Century Britain)
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[Intro]
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Early Interest and Training
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George Berg's Experiment Books
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William Peckitt's Treatise
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Conclusions
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Techniques and Innovations Jean-Baptiste Pont (Making Improvements Viable)
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Techniques and Innovations Prussian Blue
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Techniques and Innovations Purple of Cassius
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Techniques and Innovations Saxon Blue and Saxon Green
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[Intro]
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The Invention of Saxon Blue
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The Saxon Blue Process
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Object Studies Painted and Stained Glass
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Object Studies Fabric, Painted
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Object Studies Fabric, Printed
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Object Studies Hand-Colored Engraving
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Object Studies Porcelain Plaque
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Object Studies Oil Painting
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Exhibits References to Encaustic Painting in Europe, 1754-1800
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Exhibits The Cobalt Refining Process (Ore to Zaffer and Smalt, and the Isolation of Other Metals)
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Exhibits Gonin's Schedule 13 May to 15 June 1756
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Exhibits Ultramarine
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Exhibits Tobias Mayer's Color Algebra
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Mayer's Criteria
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Using the Triangle
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Exhibits Treatises of Watin and Mauclerc
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Exhibits Schiffermüller's Color System
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Exhibits Sections of the Supplément
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Exhibits Lichtenberg on Mayer's Triangle
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[Intro]
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Translation
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Exhibits Werner's Color System
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Notes
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Technological Tasks and Philosophical Ideas
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Introduction
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Cultures of Sciences, Cultures of Technology
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Number, Order, Form
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Expertise and Experience
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Interactions Between Techniques and Ideas
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Parameters of Color Quality
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Coloration and Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century
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Sources, Materials, Techniques
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Details of Products and Production
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Information and Inspiration
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Publication
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Words for Color
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Artists and Colormen
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Industry and Ideas
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Techniques and Innovations
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Object Studies
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Glossary
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Index of Terms
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Glossary A-C
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Glossary D-K
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Glossary L-Q
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Glossary R-Z
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References
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Citation Conventions and Abbreviations
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Primary
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Secondary Sources
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Encyclopedias
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Periodicals
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Web Resources
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Bibliographies, Biographies, Vocabularies and Other Databases
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Color Science
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Histories of Color or Color Science
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Color Identification and Conversion Tools
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Color Cognition
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Museums and Historic Houses
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Online Collection Databases
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People and Societies
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Single color sites
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Online Exhibitions
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18c. Books and Articles
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Articles
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Single Images and Image-only Collections
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Coursework and curricula
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Miscellaneous Resources
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Interesting Commercial Sites
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About the Author
Journal Abbreviation | Label | URL |
---|---|---|
TC | 48.4 (Oct. 2007): 831-835 | http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/technology_and_culture/v048/48.4roberts.html |
HEB Id | Title | Authors | Publication Information |
---|---|---|---|
heb01609.0001.001 | Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. | Anderson, Benedict. | London: Verso, 2006. |
Citable Link
Published: 2008
Publisher: Columbia University Press
- 9780231503693 (ebook)
- 9780231124546 (hardcover)