- Figure 7.2. India-Pakistan relative capabilities and militarized disputes, 1990–2021. (a) Military personnel (milper) ratio, (b) military expenditure (milex) ratio, (c) Pakistan’s total military capability vis-à-vis India, (d) composite index of national capability (CINC) ratio. The CINC ratio comprises = milper + milex + primary energy consumption (pec) ratio + iron and steel production (irst) ratio [population (total + urban) excluded]. *CINC data available till 2016. Source: Compiled from the COW database (2015, version 4.01; 2020, version 5.0); National Material Capabilities Data (2021, version 6.0); Military Balance 2010–22.
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