- Fig. 2.5. Issue Emphasis and Position Blurring when Disadvantaged (Economy) Source: EES (2009), EVS (2008), CHES (2010). Note: Data description is presented in the appendix. Each filled circle represents a political party. Included are political parties in the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. “Divided” indicates that the value of the party supporter division variable is above its median. “Not competent” means that the value of the issue competence variable is below its median. Salience scores from the CHES (2010) are used for issue emphasis, and the standard deviation (of experts’ estimations) measurement is used for position blurring.
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