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  3. Torture, Humiliate, Kill: Inside the Bosnian Serb Camp System

Torture, Humiliate, Kill: Inside the Bosnian Serb Camp System

Hikmet Karcic
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Half a century after the Holocaust, on European soil, Bosnian Serbs orchestrated a system of concentration camps where they subjected their Bosniak Muslim and Bosnian Croat neighbors to torture, abuse, and killing. Foreign journalists exposed the horrors of the camps in the summer of 1992, sparking worldwide outrage. This exposure, however, did not stop the mass atrocities. Hikmet Karčić shows that the use of camps and detention facilities has been a ubiquitous practice in countless wars and genocides in order to achieve the wartime objectives of perpetrators. Although camps have been used for different strategic purposes, their essential functions are always the same: to inflict torture and lasting trauma on the victims.

Torture, Humiliate, Kill develops the author's collective traumatization theory, which contends that the concentration camps set up by the Bosnian Serb authorities had the primary purpose of inflicting collective trauma on the non-Serb population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This collective traumatization consisted of excessive use of torture, sexual abuse, humiliation, and killing. The physical and psychological suffering imposed by these methods were seen as a quick and efficient means to establish the Serb "living space." Karčić argues that this trauma was deliberately intended to deter non-Serbs from ever returning to their pre-war homes. The book centers on multiple examples of experiences at concentration camps in four towns operated by Bosnian Serbs during the war: Prijedor, Bijeljina, Višegrad, and Bileća. Chosen according to their political and geographical position, Karčić demonstrates that these camps were used as tools for the ethno-religious genocidal campaign against non-Serbs. Torture, Humiliate, Kill is a thorough and definitive resource for understanding the function and operation of camps during the Bosnian genocide.

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Abbreviations
  • Figures
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. History of Ethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Chapter 2. Collective Traumatization
  • Chapter 3. Višegrad
  • Chapter 4. Prijedor
  • Chapter 5. Bijeljina
  • Chapter 6. Bileća
  • Chapter 7. Conclusions
  • Footnotes
  • References
  • Name Index
  • Trial Judgments Index
  • Subject Index
This open access version is made available thanks in part to the support of libraries participating in Knowledge Unlatched.
Citable Link
Published: 2022
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license
ISBN(s)
  • 978-0-472-13296-6 (hardcover)
  • 978-0-472-03904-3 (paper)
  • 978-0-472-90271-2 (open access)
Series
  • Ethnic Conflict: Studies in Nationality, Race, and Culture
Subject
  • Political Science
  • European Studies:Balkans
  • Political Science:Conflict Resolution & Peace Studies

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  • Starzec, Pawel8
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Black and white map of Bosnia and Herzegovina showing the frontlines and territories controlled by the Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat forces in 1992.

Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina of territories controlled by the Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat forces in 1992

From Frontmatter

Figure 1. A map of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, showing the territories controlled by the Bosnian government, the Bosnian-Croat forces, and the Bosnian Serb forces. (Courtesy of Alija Gušić.)

Color bar chart showing the ethnic composition of the population in Visegrad in 1991; 1997 and 2013. Percentages are shown for each ethnic group.

Ethnic Composition in Visegrad from 1991 to 2013

From Chapter 7

Figure 2. Ethnic Composition of Višegrad 1991–2013.

Color bar chart showing the ethnic composition of the population in Prijedor in 1991; 1997 and 2013. Percentages are shown for each ethnic group.

Ethnic Composition in Prijedor from 1991 to 2013

From Chapter 7

Figure 3. Ethnic Composition of Prijedor 1991–2013.

Color bar chart showing the ethnic composition of the population in Bijeljina in 1991; 1995; 1997 and 2013. Percentages are shown for each ethnic group.

Ethnic Composition in Bijeljina from 1991 to 2013

From Chapter 7

Figure 4. Ethnic Composition of Bijeljina 1991–2013.

Color bar chart showing the ethnic composition of the population in Bileca in 1991; 1997 and 2013. Percentages are shown for each ethnic group.

Ethnic Composition in Bileca from 1991 to 2013

From Chapter 7

Figure 5. Ethnic Composition of Bileća 1991–2013.

Color photograph of the playground and school building in Trnopolje near Prijedor, used as a detention camp in 1992.

Trnopolje Detention Camp

From Chapter 7

Figure 6. The playground and school building in Trnopolje near Prijedor, used as a camp in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of Keraterm tile factory near Prijedor which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Keraterm Detention Camp

From Chapter 7

Figure 7. The ceramic tile factory Keraterm near Prijedor, used as a camp in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of Omarska iron ore mine building which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Omarska Detention Camp

From Chapter 7

Figure 8. The main building and the infamous white house at Omarska mine near Prijedor, used as a camp in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Vilina Vlas spa hotel in Visegrad which was used as a rape camp in 1992.

Vilina Vlas Rape Camp

From Chapter 7

Figure 9. The Vilina Vlas spa in Višegrad, used as a rape camp for Bosniak women and girls by Serb forces in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Police Station in Visegrad which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Police Station in Visegrad

From Chapter 7

Figure 10. The police station in Višegrad, used as a detention facility for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Fire Station in Visegrad which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Fire Station in Visegrad

From Chapter 7

Figure 11. The fire station in Višegrad, used as a detention facility for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Hasan Veletovac School in Visegrad which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Hasan Veletovac School in Visegrad

From Chapter 7

Figure 12. The Hasan Veletovac School in Višegrad, used as a detention facility for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Batkovic farm near Bijeljina which was used as concentration camp in 1992.

Batkovic farm near Bijeljina

From Chapter 7

Figure 13. The Batković farm near Bijeljina, site of the concentration camp for Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats by Serb authorities during the entire 1992–95 war. (Courtesy of Pawel Starzec.)

Color photograph of the Police Station in Bileca which was used as a concentration camp in 1992.

Police Station in Bileca

From Chapter 7

Figure 14. The police station in Bileća, used as a detention facility for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Sadmir Mustafić.)

Color photograph of the Student Dormitory in Bileca which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Student Dormitory in Bileca

From Chapter 7

Figure 15. The student dormitory in Bileća, used as a detention facility for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Sadmir Mustafić.)

Color photograph of the Mose Pijada Military Barracks in Bileca which was as a detention camp in 1992.

Mose Pijada Military Barracks in Bileca

From Chapter 7

Figure 16. The Moše Pijada Military Barracks, used as a detention camp for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Sadmir Mustafić.)

Color photograph of the Old Prison in Bileca which was used as a detention camp in 1992.

Old Prison in Bileca

From Chapter 7

Figure 17. The old prison in Bileća, used as a detention camp for Bosniak civilians in 1992. (Courtesy of Sadmir Mustafić.)

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